, "T "■ 



ITHACA PUBLIC SCHOOLS 



MANUAL OF THE 



BOARD OF EDUCATION 



THE LAW RELATING TO SCHOOLS 

IN THE SEVERAL CITIES OF 

NEW YORK STATE 



BY-LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS 

OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION 

OF ITHACA, N. Y. 



ITHACA PUBLIC SCHOOLS 



MANUAL OF THE 



arnvxa^cx BOARD OF EDUCATION 




ADOPTED MAY, 1919 






CONTENTS 

PAGE 

State Law regarding Boards of Education 3-29 

By-Laws and Rules of the Board of Education 29-46 

School Regulations: Teachers, Schools — 

Admission of pupils 48 

Attendance Officer 68 

Classifications 46 

Headmasters, Principals 51 

Hygienist, Dental Nurse 67 

Janitors, Duties of 65 

Miscellaneous provisions (important) 68 

Nurse, Duties of 67 

Pupils, Duties of 57 

State Laws cited (important) 72 

Student Activities 61 

Sub-district boundaries 70 

Superintendent, Powers and Duties of 41 

Supervision and Inspection 49 

Teachers, Duties of 52 

Terms, Holidays, Sessions 47 

Use of Buildings, etc 69 



^. Of ». 



LAWS OF NEW YORK 
CHAPTER 786 

AN ACT to amend the education law, by providing for a board of 
education in the several cities of the state. 

Became a law June 8, 1917, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, 
three-fifths being present. 

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follow s: 

Section 1. Chapter twenty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred 
and nine, entitled "An act relating to education, constituting chapter 
sixteen of the consoUdated laws," as amended by chapter one hun- 
dred and forty of the laws of nineteen hundred and ten, is hereby 
further amended by inserting therein a new article, to be known 
as article thirty-three-a, and to read as follows: 

ARTICLE 33-A. 
Board of Education in the Several Cities of the State 

Section 865. Board of education. 

866. Board of education; eligibility; how chosen; term 

of office; vacancies. 

867. Meetings of board of education. 

868. Powers and duties of board of education. 

869. Superintendent of schools. 

870. Powers and duties of superintendent of schools. 

871. Board of examiners. 

872. Appointment of associate, district or other superin- 

tendents, teachers, experts and other employees: 
their salaries, et cetera. 
872a. Retirement of employees of board of education. 

873. Local school board districts. 

874. Bonds of employees. 

875. Buildings, sites, et cetera. 

876. Purchase and sale of real property. 

877. Education budget. 

,^. 1?. .'"■ 



4 Board of Education 

878. Tax election. 

879. Bond issue. 

880. Funds; custody and disbursement of. 

881. Continuation in office of boards, bureaus, teachers, 

principals and other employees. 

§ 865. Board of education. 1. A board of education is hereby 
established in each city of the state. The educational affairs in each 
city shall be under the general management and control of a board 
of education to consist of not less than three and not more than 
nine members, to be chosen as hereinafter provided, and to be 
known as members of the board of education. The number of 
members on the board of education of each city shall be as follows: 

a. A city having nine members or less on its board of education 
shall continue to have such number of members on said board as 
such board contains at the time this law goes into effect. 

b. A city having a population of one million or more shall 
have a board of education to consist of seven members. 

c. In all other cities of the state the number of members of 
the board of education shall be nine. 

2. A board of education in office at the time this law goes 
into effect except as hereinafter provided shall continue in office 
and possess the powers and duties of a board of education under 
this article until its successor shall be chosen as provided herein. 

3. The provisions of this act shall apply to and govern the 
operation and administration of the public school system and other 
educational affairs in a city which is created after this act goes 
into effect. The authorities in charge of the operation and admin- 
istration of the schools and other educational affairs of the school 
districts included within such city at the time the act creating such 
city goes into effect shall continue in charge thereof until the first 
Tuesday in May thereafter. On such first Tuesday in May a board 
of education consisting of five members shall be elected at the annual 
school election in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. 
One member of such board shall be elected for one year, one member 
for two years, one member for three years, one member for four 
years, and one member for five years from the said first Tuesday 
of May. As their terms expire their successors shall be chosen for 
a full term of five years. 



Laws of New York 5 

§ 866. Board of education; eligibility; how chosen; term of 
office; vacancies. 1. No person shall be eligible to the office of 
member of a board of education who is not a citizen of the United 
States and who has not been a resident of the city for which he is 
chosen for a period of at least three years immediately preceding 
the date of his election or appointment. 

2. In a city having a population of one million or more and 
divided into boroughs, there shall be a board of education consisting 
of seven members. Two members of such board shall be residents 
of the borough having the largest population, two shall be residents 
of the borough having the second largest population, and one shall 
be a resident of each of the other boroughs in such city. The mayor 
shall appoint such members on the first Wednesday in January, 
nineteen hundred and eighteen, and in appointing them shall desig- 
nate the terms of office of such members so that the term of one 
member shall expire on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred 
and nineteen; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred 
and twenty; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred 
and twenty -one; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hun- 
dred and twenty-two; one on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen 
hundred and twenty-three; one on the first Tuesday in May, nine- 
teen hundred and twenty-four; and one on the first Tuesday in 
May, nineteen hundred and twenty-five. Their successors shall 
be chosen for full terms of seven years. Thereafter, as vacancies 
occur on such board they shall be filled from the several boroughs 
so that each borough shall always be represented on such board as 
required under this subdivision. A vacancy occurring otherwise 
than by expiration of term shall be filled for the unexpired term. 

3. In each city in which the law provides, prior to the time 
this article goes into effect, that the members of the board of edu- 
cation shall be chosen by vote of the people at an election separate 
from the general or municipal election, the members of the board 
of education of that city shall hereafter be elected by the voters at 
large at the annual school election. 

4. In each city in which the law provides, prior to the time 
this article goes into effect, that the members of the board of edu- 
cation shall be chosen b}^ vote of the people at a general or municipal 
election, the members of such board of education shall continue to 



6 - Board of Education 

be so chosen by the voters at large at either a general or municipal 
election, or at both, and for the terms prescribed by such law. 

5. In each other city of the state members of the board of 
education shall be appointed from the city at large by the mayor 
except as otherwise provided herein, but in a city having a popula- 
tion of four hundred thousand or more and less than one million, 
such appointments shall be subject to confirmation by the council. 
The members of the board of education in a city having a popula- 
tion of four hundred thousand or more and less than one million 
shall be appointed by the mayor on January fifteenth, nineteen 
hundred and eighteen, subject to confirmation by the council, for 
terms of one, two, three, four and five years from the first Tuesday 
in May, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and their successors 
shall be appointed as provided herein for five years. 

6. If the number of members on a board of education in a city 
in which the members of such board are chosen at an annual school, 
general or municipal election exceeds nine, no person shall be elected 
to membership thereon as vacancies occur until the number of 
members on such board shall be less than nine. 

7. If the number of members on a board of education in a city 
in which the members of such board are appointed by the mayor 
exceeds nine, the term of office of each member of such board shall 
cease and terminate when this act takes effect, except as otherwise 
provided herein, and the mayor in each of such cities shall there- 
upon appoint a board of education to consist of nine members. 
Such members shall be appointed for the following terms: two 
members to serve until the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hun- 
dred and eighteen; two to serve until the first Tuesday in May, 
nineteen hundred and nineteen; two until the first Tuesday in 
May, nineteen hundred and twenty; two until the first Tuesday in 
May, nineteen hundred and twenty-one, and one until the first 
Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred and twenty-two. As their terms 
expire, their successors shall be chosen for a full term of five years. 

8. The persons either elected or appointed to membership for 
a full term on a board of education, and their successors in office, 
shall be elected or appointed for terms of five years each, except 
as otherwise provided in this act. 



Laws of New York 7 

9. In a city having less than five members on its board of 
education the term of office of such members shall be for the period 
of time specified in the law in effect prior to the time this act goes 
into effect. As the terms of office of such members expire their 
successors shall be chosen for like terms. 

10. (a) When vacancies occur in a board of education by ex- 
piration of term, prior to the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hun- 
dred and twenty-one, in a city in which the members of such board 
are elected at the annual school election held on the first Tuesday 
in May, such vacancies shall be filled for such terms that the terms 
of one-fifth, or as near as may be, of all members of such board 
shall expire on the first Tuesday in May, nineteen hundred and 
twenty-one and annually thereafter. 

(b) Where such vacancies have been filled by appointment by 
the mayor as required herein since June eighth, nineteen hundred 
and seventeen, or shall be hereafter so filled, the mayor shall desig- 
nate the terms for which such persons so appointed are to hold 
office so that the terms of one-fifth, or as near as may be, of the 
members of such board shall expire on the first Tuesday in May, 
nineteen hundred and twenty-one and annually thereafter. 

(c) The persons so elected or appointed shall take office im- 
mediately thereafter, except as otherwise provided herein. 

11. If a vacancy occurs other than by expiration of term of 
office in the office of a member of a board of education in a city 
in which such members are elected at a school, or general, or munic- 
ipal election, such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the 
mayor until the next annual school election is held, and such va- 
cancy shall then be filled at such election for the unexpired portion 
of such term. 

12. If such vacancy occurs in such office in a city in which the 
members of the board of education are appointed by the mayor, 
such vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the mayor of such 
city for the unexpired portion of such term, but in a city having 
a population of four hundred thousand or more and less than one 
million, such appointment shall be subject to confirmation by the 
council. 

§ 867. Meetings of board of education. 1. The annual meet- 
ing of a board of education shall be held on the second Tuesday in 



8 BoAKD OF Education 

May, at four o'clock in the afternoon, at which meeting the board 
shall select a president for the ensuing year. 

2. Each of such boards shall also fix the day and hour for hold- 
ing regular board meetings which shall be at least as often as once 
each month and shall also prescribe a method for calling special 
meetings of such board. 

§ 868. Powers and duties of board of education. Subject to 
the provisions of this chapter, the board of education in a city shall 
have the power and it shall be its duty 

1. To perform any duty imposed upon boards of education or 
trustees of common schools under this chapter or other statutes, 
or the regulations of The University of the State of New York 
or the commissioner of education so far as they may be applicable 
to the school or other educational affairs of a city, and not incon- 
sistent with the provisions of this article. 

2. To create, abolish, maintain and consolidate such positions, 
divisions, boards or bureaus as, in its judgment, may be necessary 
for the proper and efficient administration of its work; to appoint 
a superintendent of schools, such associate, district and other super- 
intendents, examiners, directors, supervisors, principals, teachers, 
lecturers, special instructors, medical inspectors, nurses, auditors, 
attendance officers, secretaries, clerks, janitors and other employees 
and other persons or experts in educational, social or recreational 
work or in the business management or direction of its affairs as 
said board shall determine necessary for the efficient management 
of the schools and other educational, social, recreational and busi- 
ness activities; and to determine their duties except as otherwise 
provided herein. 

3. To have the care, custody, control and safekeeping of all 
school property or other property of the city used for educational, 
social or recreational work and not specifically placed by law under 
the control of some other body or officer, and to prescribe rules 
and regulations for the preservation of such property. 

4. To purchase and furnish such apparatus, maps, globes, 
books, furniture and other equipment and supplies as may be neces- 
sary for the proper and efficient management of the schools and 
other educational, social and recreational activities and interests 
under its management and control. To provide textbooks or other 



Laws of New York 9 

supplies to all the children attending the schools of such cities in 
which free textbooks or other supplies are lawfully provided prior 
to the time this act goes into effect. 

5. To establish and maintain such free elementary schools, 
high schools, training schools, vocational and industrial schools, 
kindergartens, technical schools, night schools, part-time or con- 
tinuation schools, vacation schools, schools for adults, open air 
schools, schools for the mentally and physically defective children 
or such other schools or classes as such board shall deem necessary 
to meet the needs and demands of the city. 

6. To establish and maintain libraries which may be open to 
the public, to organize and maintain public lecture courses, and 
to estabhsh and equip playgrounds, recreation centers, social centers, 
and reading rooms from such funds as the education law or other 
statutes authorize and the state appropriates for such purposes, 
and from such other funds as may be provided therefor from local 
taxation or other sources. 

7. To authorize the general courses of study which shall be 
given in the schools and to approve the content of such courses 
before they become operative. 

8. To authorize and determine the textbooks to be used in the 
schools under its jurisdiction, but in a city having a board of super- 
intendents, the books thus authorized and determined shall be 
from lists recommended by such board. 

9. To prescribe such regulations and by-laws as may be neces- 
sary to make effectual the provisions of this chapter and for the 
conduct of the proceedings of said board and the transaction of 
its business affairs, for the general management, operation, con- 
trol, maintenance and discipline of the schools, and of all other 
educational, social or recreational activities and other interests 
under its charge or direction. 

10. To perform such other duties and possess such other powers 
as may be required to administer the affairs placed under its con- 
trol and management, to execute all powers vested in it, and to 
promote the best interests of the schools and other activities com- 
mitted to its care. 

§ 869. Superintendent of schools, associate superintendents, 
board of superintendents. The superintendent or an associate 



10 Board of Education 

superintendent of schools of a city in office when this article goes 
into effect shall hold his position for the term for which he was 
chosen and until his successor is chosen. A superintendent or 
associate superintendent appointed after this article goes into effect 
shall hold his position in a city of the first class for a period of six 
years from the date of his appointment subject to removal for cause 
and in all other cities subject to the pleasure of the board of educa- 
tion. In a city having a population of one million or more there 
shall be eight associate superintendents, and the superintendent 
of schools and such associate superintendents shall constitute a 
board of superintendents. The superintendent of schools shall be 
the chairman of such board. A superintendent or an associate 
superintendent may vacate his position by filing a written resigna- 
tion with the board of education. No person shall be eligible to 
the position of superintendent of schools or associate, district or 
other superintendent of schools or a member of the board of ex- 
aminers unless he is 

1. A graduate of a college or university approved by The Uni- 
versity of the State of New York, and has had at least five years' 
successful experience in the teaching or in the supervision of public 
schools since graduation; or 

2. A holder of a superintendent's certificate issued by the com- 
missioner of education under regulations prescribed by the regents 
of The University of the State of New York, and has had at least 
ten years' successful experience in teaching, or in public school 
administration, or equivalent educational experience approved by 
the commissioner of education. 

§ 870. Powers and duties of superintendent of schools. The 
superintendent of schools of a city shall possess, subject to the by- 
laws of the board of education, the following powers and be charged 
with the following duties: 

1. To enforce all provisions of law and all rules and regulations 
relating to the management of the schools and other educational, 
social and recreational activities under the direction of the board 
of education, to be the chief executive officer of such board and 
the educational system, and to have a seat in the board of educa- 
tion and the right to speak on all matters before the board, but 
not to vote. 



Laws of New York 11 

2. To prepare the content of each course of study authorized 
by the board of education, but in a city having a board of super- 
intendents the content of each of such courses shall be prepared 
and recommended bj'- the board of superintendents, submitted to 
the board of education for its approval and, when thus approved, 
the superintendent or board of superintendents, as the case may be, 
shall cause such courses of study to be used in the grades, classes 
and schools for which they are authorized. 

3. To recommend suitable lists of textbooks to be used in the 
schools, but in a city having a board of superintendents such board 
of superintendents shall recommend to the board of education 
such lists. 

4. To have supervision and direction of associate, district and 
other superintendents, directors, supervisors, principals, teachers, 
lecturers, medical inspectors, nurses, auditors, attendance officers, 
janitors and other persons employed in the management of the 
schools or the other educational activities of the city authorized by 
this chapter and under the direction and management of the board 
of education; to transfer teachers from one school to another, or 
from one grade of the course of study to another grade in such course, 
and to report immediately such transfer to said board for its con- 
sideration and action, but in a city having a board of superintendents 
such transfers shall be made upon the recommendation of such 
board ; to report to said board of education violations of regulations 
and cases of insubordination, and to suspend an associate, district 
or other superintendent, director, supervisor, expert, principal, 
teacher or other employee until the next regular meeting of the board 
when all facts relating to the case shall be submitted to the board 
for its consideration and action. 

5. To have supervision and direction over the enforcement and 
observance of the courses of study, the examination and promotion 
of pupils, and over all other matters pertaining to playgrounds, 
medical inspection, recreation and social center work, libraries, 
lectures and all the other educational activities and interests under 
the management, direction and control of the board of education, 
but in a city having a board of superintendents rules and regula- 
tions for the promotion and graduation of pupils shall be made 
by such board. 

6. To issue such licenses to teachers, principals, directors and 



12 Board of Education 

other members of the teaching and supervising staff as may be 
required under the regulations of the board of education in cities 
in which such board requires its teachers to hold qualifications in 
addition to or in advance of the minimum qualifications required 
under this chapter. In a city having a board of examiners, such 
licenses shall be issued on the recommendation of such board. 

§ 871. Board of examiners. In a city having a population of 
one million or more there shall be a board of examiners to consist 
of four members. No person while in the supervising or teaching 
service in the city shall serve on such board. It shall be the duty 
of the board to hold examinations whenever necessary, to examine 
all applicants who are required to be licensed or to have their names 
placed upon eligible lists for appointment in the schools in such 
city, except examiners, and to prepare all necessary eligible lists. 
Ehgible lists shall not be merged and one eligible list shall be ex- 
hausted before nominations are made from a list of subsequent 
date. No eligible lists, except a principals' eligible list shall remain 
in force for a longer period than three years. The board of examiners 
may employ temporary assistants at a compensation fixed by the 
board of education. It shall perform such other duties as the board 
of education may require. 

§ 872. Appointment of district or other superintendents, 
teachers and other employees; their salaries, et cetera. 1. District 
superintendents, directors, supervisors, principals, teachers and all 
other members of the teaching and supervising staff, except asso- 
ciate superintendents and examiners, authorized by section eight 
hundred and sixty-eight of this article, shall be appointed by the 
board of education, upon the recommendation of the superintendent 
of schools, but in a city having a board of superintendents on the 
recommendation of such board, for a probationary period of not 
less than one year and not to exceed three years; such period to be 
fixed by the board of education in its discretion. The service of a 
person appointed to any of such positions may be discontinued at 
any time during such probationary period, on the recommendation 
of the superintendent of schools, and in a city having a board of 
superintendents on the recommendation of such board, by a majority 
vote of the board of education. 

2. Associate superintendents, examiners and all other employees 
authorized by section eight hundred and sixty-eight of this article, 



Laws of New York 13 

except as otherwise provided in subdivision one of this section, 
shall be appointed by the board of education. 

3. At the expiration of the probationary term of a person 
appointed for such term, the superintendent of schools, and, in 
a city having a board of superintendents, such board shall make 
a written report to the board of education recommending for per- 
manent appointment those persons who have been found com- 
peteni, efficient and satisfactory. Such persons and all others em- 
ployed in the teaching, examining or supervising service of the 
schools of a city, who have served the full probationery period, or 
have rendered satisfactorily an equivalent period of service prior 
to the time this act goes into effect shall hold their respective posi- 
tions during good behavior and efficient and competent service, and 
shall not be removable except for cause after a hearing by the affirma- 
tive vote of a majority of the board. In a city in which teachers 
have not permanent tenure under the laws in force prior to the time 
this act goes into effect, such teachers shall be entitled to receive 
permanent appointments after serving the probationary period 
fixed by the board of education as herein provided. 

4. No principal, supervisor, director, or teacher shall be ap- 
pointed to the teaching force of a city who does not possess qualifica- 
tions required under this chapter and under the regulations pre- 
scribed by the commissioner of education for the persons employed 
in such positions in the schools of the cities of the state, but a board 
of education may prescribe additional or higher qualifications for 
the persons employed in any of such positions. 

5. In a city having a population of four hundred thousand or 
more, recommendations for appointment to the teaching and super- 
vising service, except for the position of superintendent of schools, 
associate superintendent or district superintendent, or director of a 
special branch, principal of or teacher in a training school, or prin- 
cipal of a high school, shall be from the first three persons on ap- 
propriate eligible lists prepared by the board of examiners. Eligible 
lists in force at the time this act takes effect and the relative stand- 
ing of persons whose names are on said lists shall not be affected by 
the passage of this act. The board of education, on the recommenda- 
tion of the superintendent of schools, and in a city having a board 
of superintendents on the recommendation of such board, shall 
designate, subject to the other provisions of this chapter, the kind 



14 Board of Education 

and grades of licenses which shall be required for service as principal, 
branch principal, director, supervisor or teacher of a special branch, 
head of department, assistant or any other position of the teaching 
staff together with the academic and professional qualifications 
required for each kind or grade of license. No person required to 
have a license under the provisions of this chapter in order to be 
employed in a position who does not have such license shall have 
any claim for salary. 

6. The salaries of all members of the supervising and teaching 
force and of all employees and for all positions authorized under 
section eight hundred and sixty-eight of this act shall continue to 
be on the same basis as such salaries and positions are when this 
article goes into effect, and such salaries shall continue to be regu- 
lated and increased in the same manner, by the same provisions 
of law and under the same conditions as such salaries are regulated 
and increased under the laws governing such salaries at the time 
this article goes into effect. Rules and regulations shall be adopted 
governing excusing of absences and for the granting of leaves of 
absence either with or without pay. 

§ 872-a. Retirement of employees of board of education. The 

board of education in a city having a population of one hundred 
thousand or more shall have power to establish a retirement system 
for all civil employees permanently employed by said board other 
than superintendents and teachers who may now be retired under 
the provisions of other retirement laws. The board of education 
of such city shall adopt appropriate rules and regulations for the 
government, management and control of the retirement of said 
employees. Before they become effective such rules and regulations 
must be approved by the board of estimate and apportionment in 
a city having such body, and in a city not having such body by the 
common council or such other officers or bodies as have the manage- 
ment and control of financial affairs similar to that exercised by 
such board of estimate and apportionment. The board of estimate 
and apportionment in a city having such body, and in other cities 
the officers or bodies performing the functions similar to those of a 
board of estimate and apportionment, shall appropriate annually 
the sum necessary to pay the expenses of the administration of this 
act and to also pay such amount to the employees herein described 
as they shall be entitled to receive annually under the rules and regu- 



Laws of New York 15 

lations prescribed by the board of education and approved by the 
said board of estimate and apportionment or other authorities. 
In no event shall the rules and regulations prescribed by the board 
of education and approved by the board of estimate and apportion- 
ment or other authorities named herein provide for the annual 
payment of a sum to exceed fifty per centum of the average annual 
salary of an employee for the ten years of service immediately pre- 
ceding his retirement. 

§ 873. Local school board districts. 1. The local school board 
districts in a city having a population of one million or more are 
hereby continued as they exist at the time this article goes into 
effect subject, however, to the provisions contained herein. The 
board of education of such city may modify the boundaries of such 
districts, consolidate two or more of such districts, and establish 
new districts. 

2. There shall be in each of such districts a local school board 
of five members appointed by the president of the borough in which 
such district is located. The board of education shall designate as 
a member of a local school board one member of the board of edu- 
cation and the city superintendent of schools shall assign one dis- 
trict superintendent to advise with such board. 

3. The members of such local school boards in office prior to 
the time this article goes into effect shall serve for the term for 
which they were appointed. The full term of office of a member of 
such board shall be five years. A vacancy on such board shall be 
filled by the borough president for the unexpired term. 

4. Subject to the provisions of this chapter a local school board 
shall within its district have the power and it shall be its duty to 
visit the schools at least once every quarter; to make recommenda- 
tions to the board of education with respect to matters affecting 
the interests of the schools; subject to the by-laws of the board of 
education, to transfer teachers from school to school, to excuse 
absences of teachers, to hear charges against principals or teachers 
and make recommendations thereon to the board of education, 
and to perform such other duties as may be required under said 
by-laws; to provide by-laws regulating the exercise of the powers 
and duties vested in it, provided such by-laws are not in conflict 
with the by-laws of the board of education; to elect a secretary and 
determine his duties. The secretary is hereby authorized to ad- 



16 Board of Education 

minister oaths and take affidavits in all matters pertaining to the 
schools in his district, in which a local school board has power to 
act, and for that purpose shall possess all the powers of a commis- 
sioner of deeds, but shall not be entitled to any fees or emoluments 
thereof. The board of education shall provide for the expenses of a 
local school board and for its places of meeting. 

§ 874. Bonds of employees. The board of estimate and ap- 
portionment of a city or in a city having no board of estimate and 
apportionment the body or officer performing the duties performed 
by a board of estimate and apportionment which may now legally 
require bonds of such employees may continue to require bonds 
of such employees in such amount as such board of estimate and 
apportionment or other body or officer shall determine. In all 
other cities bonds may be required of such employees by the board 
of education. The premiums on such bonds shall be paid by the 
city. 

§ 875. Buildings, sites, et cetera. 1. A board of education is 
authorized and it shall have power to purchase, repair, remodel, 
improve or enlarge school buildings or other buildings or sites, 
and to construct new buildings, subject to such limitations and 
restrictions and exceptions as are herein provided. 

2. Whenever in the judgment of a board of education it is 
necessary to select a new site, or to enlarge a present site, or to 
designate a playground or recreation center, or to acquire title to 
or lease real property for other educational purposes authorized by 
this chapter, such board may take options on property desirable for 
such purposes but before taking title thereto shall pass a resolu- 
tion stating the necessity therefor, describing by metes and bounds 
the grounds or territory desired for each of these purposes, and 
estimating the amount of funds necessary therefor. An item for 
such amount if funds are not available for the purchase or lease of 
such property may be included in the next annual budget if not 
included in a special budget as herein provided. 

3. Whenever in the judgment of a board of education the needs 
of the city require a new building for school purposes or for recrea- 
tion or other educational purposes authorized by this chapter, or 
when in its judgment a building should be remodelled or enlarged, 
such board shall pass a resolution specifying in detail the necessity 
therefor and estimating the amount of funds necessary for such 



Laws of New York 17 

purposes. An item for such amount if funds are not available for 
the construction of such building may be included in the next annual 
budget if not included in a special budget as herein provided. 

4. No site shall be designated except upon a majority vote of 
a board of education and no building shall be constructed, remodelled 
or enlarged until the plans and specifications therefor are approved 
by the board of education. 

5. After a site has been selected and plans and specifications 
for a building thereon have been approved as provided herein, a 
board of education in a city having a population of more than four 
hundred thousand but less than one million may, in its discretion, 
by regulation dehver such plans and specifications to the council 
which may thereupon, in its discretion, award a contract for the 
erection of such building in the same manner and in accordance 
with the provisions of law regulating the awarding of contracts for' 
the construction of municipal buildings of such city. 

6. In a city of the second class in which the common council, 
the board of estimate and apportionment and the board of contract 
and supply and the commissioner of public works or other city 
officials, or any one or more thereof, has the authority under the 
law in force prior to the time this act takes effect to erect, remodel, 
improve, or enlarge school buildings or to purchase supplies or 
real property for any school purpose, such officers, board or boards 
shall continue to possess such powers and duties and to perform 
such functions. 

7. When the real property of a city under the control and man- 
agement of the board of education is no longer needed for educa- 
tional purposes in the city, such board shall notify the common 
council of such fact and in a city having no common council, the 
council or the commissioners of the sinking fund, and such com- 
mon council or such council or such commissioners of the sinking 
fund, as the case may be, may then sell or dispose of such property 
in the manner in which other real property owned by the city may 
be sold or disposed of and the proceeds thereof shall be credited to 
the funds under the control and administration of the board of 
education in such city, except that in cities where the proceeds 
of such sales are required by statute, in effect prior to the time 
this article goes into effect, to be paid to the credit of the sinking 
fund established and maintained therein, the proceeds of such sale 



18 Board of Education 

shall continue to be paid to the credit of the sinking fund of such 
city or cities as required by statute, and except that in a city hav- 
ing a council or a board of estimate and apportionment, such council 
or board may, by resolution, authorize the use of the proceeds of 
such sale for other municipal purposes. 

8. No contract for the purchase of supplies, furniture, equip- 
ment, or for the construction or the alteration or remodelling of 
any building shall be entered into by a board of education involving 
an expenditure or liability of more than one thousand dollars unless 
said board shall have duly advertised for estimates for the same 
and the contract in each case shall be awarded to the lowest respon- 
sible bidder furnishing the security as required by such board. 

§ 876. Purchase and sale of real property. The board of edu- 
cation may purchase real property for any of the purposes author- 
ized by law and shall take title thereof in the name of the city or 
when the boundaries of a city and a city school district are not 
coterminous, in the name of the city school district, and when the 
owner of such property refuses to sell the same or such board is 
unable to agree with the owner of such property on the purchase 
price thereof, it shall have the power and authority to institute such 
proceedings and take any action necessary to acquire title to such 
property under and pursuant to the provisions of the condemnation 
law, city charter, or of any special statute authorizing proceedings 
to acquire title by right to eminent domain, except that in a city 
in which the common council, board of contract and supply or other 
city oiScers or body are authorized and empowered by law to ac- 
quire title to real property for school purposes under the laws in 
force at the time this act goes into effect, said council, board, officers 
or body shall continue to possess such powers and shall exercise the 
same, including the power to condemn real property for said pur- 
poses, under the provisions of law relating thereto notwithstanding 
any of the provisions contained in this act. 

§ 877. Annual estimate. 1. The board of education in each 
city having a population of less than one million shall prepare an- 
nually an itemized estimate for the current or ensuing fiscal year 
of such sum of money as it may deem necessary for the purposes 
stated in this section, after crediting thereto the amount antici- 
pated in the next apportionment of school funds from the state 
and the estimated amount to be received from all other sources. 



Laws of New York 19 

Such itemized estimate in such cities shall be filed at such times 
and in such manner as city departments or oJEficers are required 
to submit estimates for such departments or officers. The board 
of education in each other city shall prepare annually an itemized 
estimate for the ensuing fiscal year and file the same on or before 
the first day of September. Such estimate shall be for the following 
purposes : 

a. The salary of the superintendent of schools, associate, dis- 
trict or other superintendents, examiners, directors, supervisors, 
principals, teachers, lecturers, special instructors, auditors, medical 
inspectors, nurses, attendance officers, clerks and janitors and the 
salary, fees or compensation of all other employees appointed or 
employed by said board of education. 

b. The other necessary incidental and contingent expenses in- 
cluding ordinary repairs to buildings and the purchase of fuel and 
light, supplies, textbooks, school apparatus, books, furniture and 
fixtures and other articles and service necessary for the proper 
maintenance, operation and support of the schools, libraries and 
other educational, social or recreational affairs and interests under 
its management and direction. The provisions of this section in 
regard to the purchase of light shall not apply to a city having a 
population of one million or more. 

c. The remodelling or enlarging of buildings under its control 
and management, the construction of new buildings for uses author- 
ized by this chapter and the furnishing and equipment thereof, 
the purchase of real property for new sites, additions to present 
sites, playgrounds or recreation centers and other educational or 
social purposes, and to meet any other indebtedness or liability 
incurred under the provisions of this chapter or other statutes, or 
any other expenses which the board of education is authorized to 
incur. 

2, In a city which had, according to the state census of nine- 
teen hundred and fifteen, a population of less than fifty thousand 
such estimate shall be filed with the clerk of the common council 
and the common council shall include, except as otherwise pro- 
vided herein, in the next annual tax and assessment roll of the city 
the amount specified in such estimate and the same shall be collected 
in the same manner as other city taxes are collected and shall be 
placed to the credit of the board of education as herein provided. 



20 Board of Education 

In each city in which the law provides, prior to the time this article 
goes into effect, that such assessment shall he included in a school 
tax and assessment roll, separate and distinct from the annual tax 
and assessment roll, and at a different time, such assessment shall 
continue to be included in a school tax and assessment roll, to be 
prepared and levied at the same time each year as the law provides 
in respect to said cities prior to the time this article goes into effect. 
In case more than twenty-five thousand dollars is required to be 
raised by tax for the purposes specified in paragraph c of subdivision 
one of this section, the common council, or the board of education 
or either, may provide for the submission to the voters of the city, 
at a tax election, the proposition for the expenditure of such sum 
or may levy a tax to be payable in installments, for such purposes, 
and may issue and sell municipal bonds as hereinafter provided. 
In cities in which the board of education is either appointed, or is 
elected at a general or municipal election, the submission of such 
question shall be to the voters of such city at either a general or 
municipal election. 

2-a. In the city of Lockport such estimate shall be filed with 
the clerk of the common council and shall be known as the school 
budget, and the common council shall include the amount specified 
in such budget in a school tax and assessment-roll, to be entirely 
separate and distinct from the annual tax and assessment-roll, and 
the amount provided therein shall be collected at the same time and 
in the same manner as other city taxes are collected, and shall be 
placed to the credit of the board of education as herein provided. 

3. In a city of the third class in which the common council, 
under statutes in effect prior to the time when this act takes effect, 
has the power to determine the amount of funds which shall be 
included in the estimate for the support and maintenance of public 
schools, and in any such city in which the mayor under such statutes 
has the power to consider and determine the amounts included 
in such estimate for the support and maintenance of public schools, 
such common council and mayor shall have the same power and shall 
perform the same duties as are required under the statutes in effect 
prior to the taking effect of this act, and the provisions of such 
statutes shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding the 
provisions of this act. Nothing in this act shall be construed as 
conferring upon the common council of a city of the third class the 



Laws of New York 21 

power to determine the amount which shall be used for school pur- 
poses, which was not specifically conferred upon the common council 
of such city under the statutes in effect prior to the taking effect of 
this act. Where the mayor, under a statute in effect prior to the 
taking effect of this act, reduces or eliminates items in the estimate 
for the support and maintenance of public schools in the city, he 
must return such estimate to the board of education, stating his 
reasons for making such reductions or eliminations, within ten clays 
after the filing of such estimate, and thereupon the board of educa- 
tion may take action on such estimate and may by a three-fourths 
vote of the members of the board restore the items so reduced or 
eliminated, and the estimate shall thereupon become effective and 
the amounts specified therein shall be levied and collected in the 
same manner as other city taxes are collected. 

4. In a city of the second class in which the board of estimate 
and apportionment has authority, under the statutes in effect prior 
to the time this act goes into effect, to determine the amount of 
funds which shall be included for the support and maintenance of 
public schools in the estimate to be submitted to the common coun- 
cil, and in a city of the first class having a population of less than 
four hundred thousand, according to the federal census of nineteen 
hundred and ten, such estimate shall be filed with the mayor. The 
mayor shall place such estimate before the board of estimate and 
approtionment at the same time and in the same manner as es- 
timates from city departments or officers are placed before said 
board of estimate and apportionment, and such estimate shall 
thereafter be subject to the same consideration, action and proced- 
ure as all other estimates from city departments or officers. The 
said board of estimate and apportionment may increase, diminish or 
reject any item contained in said estimate, except for fixed charges 
for which the city is liable. When such estimate is adopted the 
board of estimate and apportionment shall file it with the common 
council. 

5. The board of education in each other city of the second class 
shall file such estimate with the maj^or. The common council of 
each city included within the provisions of this subdivision shall 
include the amount of such estimate in the tax and assessment roll 
of the city and the same shall be collected and placed to the credit 
of the board of education as herein provided, except that a tax 



22 Board of Education 

for the purposes specified in paragraph c of subdivision one of this 
section shall be levied payable in installments and bonds therefor 
shall be issued and sold as hereinafter provided. 

6. In a city which had, according to the federal census of nine- 
teen hundred and ten, a population of four hundred thousand or 
more but less than one million such estimate shall be filed with the 
officer authorized to receive other department estimates and the 
same acted on by such officer and by the council of such city in 
the same manner and with the same effect as other department 
estimates. The council is also authorized, in its discretion, to in- 
clude in such budget a sum for any of the purposes enumerated in 
paragraph c of subdivision one of this section, and any further 
amount for such purposes as may be authorized by a tax election 
held in such city pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. After 
the adoption of such budget the council shall cause the amount 
thereof to be included in the tax and assessment roll of the city 
and the same shall be collected in the same manner and at the same 
time as other taxes of the city are collected, and placed to the credit 
of the board of education. 

7. In a city which had, according to the federal census of nine- 
teen hundred and ten, a population of one million or more such 
estimate shall be filed with the board of estimate and apportion- 
ment. If the total amount requested in such estimate shall be 
equivalent to or less than four and nine-tenths mills on every dollar 
of assessed valuation of the real and personal property in such city 
liable to taxation, the board of estimate and apportionment shall 
appropriate such amount. If the total amount contained in such 
estimate shall exceed the said sum of four and nine-tenths mills 
on every dollar of assessed valuation of the real and personal property 
in such city liable to taxation, such estimate shall, as to such excess, 
be subject to such consideration and such action by the board of 
estimate and apportionemnt, the board of aldermen, and the mayor 
as that taken upon departmental estimates submitted to the board 
of estimate and apportionment. The board of estimate and appor- 
tionment is authorized to make additional appropriations for edu- 
cational purposes authorized by this chapter. The general school 
fund shall consist of all moneys raised for the payment of the salaries 
of all persons employed in the supervising and teaching staff, in- 
cluding the superintendent of schools and all associate, district and 



Laws of New York 23 

other superintendents, members of the board of examiners, at- 
tendance officers, supervisor of lectures, lecturers and director and 
assistant director of the division of reference and research. The 
special school fund shall contain and embrace all moneys raised 
for educational purposes not comprised in the general school fund. 
The general school fund shall be raised in bulk and for the city at 
large. The board of education shall administer all moneys appro- 
priated or available for educational purposes in the city, subject 
to the provisions of law relating to the audit and payment of salaries 
and other claims by the department of finance. 

8. A board of education may, to meet emergencies which may 
arise, submit a special estimate in which items for extraordinary 
expenses may be submitted to meet such emergencies. Such es- 
timate shall contain a complete statement of the purposes for which 
the items are requested and the necessity therefor. The same 
method of procedure shall be followed in submitting such estimate 
and such estimate shall be subject to the same consideration and 
action as is required in the submission, consideration and action 
upon the regular annual estimate submitted by a board of educa- 
tion. The common council in such a city shall have power to make 
the appropriations requested by a board of education in such special 
estimate. The common council of a city of the third class, the com- 
mon council, the board of estimate and apportionment of a city of 
the second class and, in a city having a population of four hundred 
thousand or more and less than one million, according to the federal 
census of nineteen hundred and ten, the council may temporarily 
borrow the amount appropriated on city certificates of indebted- 
ness or by the issuance of revenue bonds, or other municipal bonds, 
which certificates of indebtedness or bonds shall be payable at 
such time and in such manner as shall be provided by general laws 
or the charter of such city for other certificates of indebtedness or 
revenue bonds. 

9. In cities in which the boundaries of the school district or 
districts are not coterminous with the city boundaries and in which 
the board of education, under the provisions of law existing at the 
time of the passage of this act, is authorized to levy taxes for school 
purposes, the board of education is hereby authorized and empowered 
to prepare, fix and determine the education budget for all the pur- 
poses set forth in this section, and said board of education shall 



24 Board op Education 

levy and collect the necessary tax or taxes for all the purposes 
specified in said budget in accordance with the provisions of the 
education law. In the event the boundaries of said city or cities 
are hereafter made coterminous with the school district boundaries 
this provision shall no longer apply. 

10. A board of education shall not incur a liability or an ex- 
pense chargeable against the funds under its control or the city 
for any purpose in excess of the amount appropriated or available 
therefor or otherwise authorized by law. 

11. In a city in which, under the statutes in effect prior to 
the time of the taking effect of this act, it is provided that the es- 
timate of expenditures for the support and maintenance of the 
public schools of the city shall not be less than a specified per capita 
sum, based on the number of pupils enrolled in the public schools 
of the city, the amount authorized or required to be included in 
the estimate of school expenditures as provided in this act shall not 
be less than the per capita sum specified in such statute. 

§ 878. Tax election. 1. In a city having a population of less 
than seventy-five thousand, according to the federal census of 
nineteen hundred and ten, the board of education may call a tax 
election, by giving notice thereof as notice is required under the 
education law of an annual school election and submit to those 
qualified to vote at such election a proposition to expend a sum of 
money in excess of twenty-five thousand dollars for any of the 
purposes enumerated in paragraph c of subdivision one of section 
eight hundred and seventy-seven of this chapter. The provisions 
of law relating to and governing annual school elections, including 
inspectors, notices, qualifications of voters, challenges, hours for 
keeping polls open, penalties, canvass of votes, filing returns, sup- 
plying ballots, and all other matters relating to an annual election 
shall apply to and govern, so far as may be practicable, a tax elec- 
tion except in a city in which the election of members of the board 
of education is held at the general or municipal election. In such 
cities the law applying to and governing such general or municipal 
elections shall apply to and govern such tax election. 

2. In such a city in which the members of the board of educa- 
tion are elected at the general or municipal election, a tax election 
for like purposes may be held by direction of the board of educa- 



Laws of New York 25 

tion. The provisions of law regulating such general or municipal 
elections in such cities shall apply to and govern the method of 
calling and holding tax elections in said cities. 

§ 879. Bond issue. 1. When the common council or the voters 
of a city authorize an appropriation to be raised by a tax in install- 
ments for any of the purposes enumerated in paragraph c of sub- 
division one of section eight hundred and seventy-seven of this 
chapter, city bonds shall be issued in the same manner and under 
the same provisions as other bonds are or may be issued by such 
city. The principal and interest of such bonds shall be paid out of 
moneys raised by tax therefor in the same manner as other school 
moneys are raised, when such bonds and the interest thereon shall 
become due and payable. In a city having a population of four 
hundred thousand or more but less than one million, according to 
the federal census of nineteen hundred and ten, such bonds shall 
be issued by the council. 

2. In a city of the second class and in a city of the first class 
having a population of less than four hundred thousand, according 
to the federal census of nineteen hundred and ten, the common 
council and the board of estimate and apportionment or other 
municipal authorities who were authorized and empowered under 
the laws in force prior to the eighth day of June, nineteen hundred 
and seventeen, to determine upon the necessity of issuing bonds 
for any of the purposes enumerated in paragraph c of subdivision 
one of section eight hundred and seventy-seven of this chapter, 
shall continue to possess such power and may authorize, issue and 
sell bonds for any of the purposes so enumerated, in the same manner 
and with the same force and effect as prior to the said eighth day 
of June, nineteen hundred and seventeen. 

3. In a city having a population of four hundred thousand or 
more but less than one million, the council of such city may, by 
a vote of four-fifths of its members, authorize from time to time 
the issuance of bonds of said city to defray the expense of the con- 
struction, improvement and equipment of school buildings or the 
purchase or acquisition of school sites, which expense shall not 
have been included in the budget, in such amounts and payable 
at such times and places and having such rates of interest, not 
exceeding six per centum per annum, as said council may determine, 
interest to be paid semi-annually, said bonds, however, to be due in 



26 Board of Education 

not more than fifty years from their date and to be sold for not less 
than their par value and accrued interest. Such bonds may be 
made payable in equal proportions during a number of successive 
years not exceeding a period of fifty years from their issuance, as 
the council shall determine. Such bonds shall be issued and sold 
by the authorities of the city in the same manner that bonds for 
other municipal purposes are issued and sold and the proceeds of 
the sale of such bonds shall be paid into the treasury of the city 
and placed to the credit of the board of education. As such bonds 
become due the municipal authorities of the city shall include in 
the tax levy, and assess upon the property of the city, the amount 
necessary to pay such bonds and interest thereon. 

4. In a city having a population of one million or more, the 
board of estimate and apportionment may in its discretion annually 
cause to be raised such sums of money as may be required for the 
purposes enumerated in subdivision c of section eight hundred and 
seventy-seven of this act, in the manner provided by law for the 
raising of money for such purposes. 

5. In a city in which the boundaries of the school district or 
districts are not coterminous with the city boundaries, taxes may 
be raised in installments and district bonds issued for any of the 
purposes enumerated in paragraph c of subdivision one of section 
eight hundred and seventy-seven of this chapter, in the manner 
provided and under the conditions prescribed by the education law 
for the levy and collection of taxes in installments and the issue 
and sale of bonds of union free school districts. 

§ 880. Funds; custody and disbursements of. 1. Public 
moneys apportioned to a city by the state and all funds raised or 
collected by the authorities of a city for school purposes or to be 
used by the board of education for any purpose authorized in this 
chapter, or any other funds belonging to a city and received from 
any source whatsoever for similar purposes, shall be paid into the 
treasury of such city and shall be credited to the board of education. 

2. Such funds shall be disbursed only by authority of the 
board of education and upon written orders drawn on the city 
treasurer or other fiscal officer of the city. Such orders shall be 
signed by the superintendent of schools and the secretary of the 
board of education or such other officers as the board may authorize. 



Laws of New York 27 

Such orders shall be numbered consecutively and shall specify the 
purpose for which they are drawn and the person or corporation to 
whom they are payable. 

3. It shall be unlawful for a city treasurer or other officer 
having the custody of city funds to permit the use of such funds 
for any purpose other than that for which they are lawfully au- 
thorized and such funds shall not be paid out except on audit of 
the board of education and the countersignature of the comp- 
troller, and in a city having no comptroller by an officer designated 
by the officer or body having the general control of the financial 
affairs of such city. The board of education of such city shall make, 
in addition to such classification of its funds and accounts as it 
desires for its own use and information, such further classification 
of the funds under its management and control and of the dis- 
bursements thereof as the comptroller of the city, or the officer or 
body having the general control of the financial affairs of such city, 
shall require, and such board shall furnish such data in relation to 
such funds and their disbursements as the comptroller or such other 
financial officer or body of the city shall require. 

§ 881. Continuation in office of boards, bureaus, teachers, 
principals and other employees, et cetera. 1. Except as otherwise 
provided herein the boards, bureaus, teachers, principals, super- 
visors, superintendents, heads of departments, assistants to prin- 
cipals, examiners, supervisor of lectures, directors and all other 
officers and employees of the school system or of boards of educa- 
tion of the several cities of the state, lawfully appointed or assigned 
before this act takes effect, shall continue to hold their respective 
positions for the term for which they were appointed or until re- 
moved as provided in subdivision three of section eight hundred 
and seventy-two of this article. 

2. If a board of education abolishes an office or position and 
creates another office or position for the performance of duties 
similar to those performed in the office or position abolished, the 
person filling such office or position at the time of its abolishment 
shall be appointed to the office or position thus created without 
reduction in salary or increment, provided the record of such person 
has been one of faithful, competent service in the office or position 
he has filled. 



28 Board of Education 

3. If an office or position is abolished or if it is consolidated 
with another position without creating a new position, the person 
filling such position at the time of its abolishment or consolidation 
shall be placed upon a preferred eligible fist of candidates for ap- 
pointment to a vacancy that may thereafter occur in an office or 
position similar to the one which such person filled without reduc- 
tion in salary or increment, provided the record of such person 
has been one of faithful, competent service in the office or position 
he has filled. The names of such persons shall be placed upon such 
preferred list in the order in which their services have been thus 
discontinued. 

EFFECT OF CITY SCHOOL LAW: REPEAL L. 1917 Ch. 786 

§ 2. City school district. Each city in which the school dis- 
trict boundaries are coterminous with the city boundaries is hereby 
declared to be a city school district. In a city in which the city 
boundaries and the school district boundaries are not coterminous 
the school district boundaries shall remain as they existed prior 
to the time this act takes effect and until such time as such school 
district boundaries may be changed as provided by law. In each 
city where the school district boundaries are not coterminous with 
the city boundaries the school district which contains the whole or 
the greater portion of the inhabitants of the city shall be the city 
school district of said city and shall be subject to the provisions 
of this act. 

§ 3. Repeal of inconsistent provisions; effect of repeal. All 

acts or parts of acts, general or special, inconsistent with the pro- 
visions of this act are hereby repealed. The repeal of the acts 
specified in the schedule hereto annexed, or of such inconsistent 
acts or parts of such acts, shall not affect any right existing or ac- 
crued or any liability incurred prior to the passage of this act, and 
all acts or parts of acts, general or special, not specifically repealed 
by this act and not inconsistent with the provisions of this act 
shall remain in full force and effect. 

§ 4. Pending actions or proceedings; existing rules. The re- 
peal of a law or any part of it specified in the annexed schedule and 
any provision of this act shall not affect pending actions or pro- 
ceedings brought by or against the board of education of a city, or 
by or against a city, in respect to the public schools thereof, under 



By-Laws and Rules 29 

or in pursuance of any of the provisions of the laws hereby repealed, 
but the same may be prosecuted or defended in the same manner 
and for the same purpose by the board of education of the city 
under the provisions of this chapter as though such laws had not 
been repealed. The rules and regulations adopted by a board of 
education in pursuance of any law hereby repealed shall continue 
in full force and effect notwithstanding such repeal, until the same 
are modified, amended or repealed by the board of education as 
provided in this chapter. Nothing in this act shall affect titles to 
school property but such propert}^ may be held either in the name 
of the city school district or of the board of education, as provided 
in this act or in any other act relating to titles to such property. 

§ 5. Time of taking effect. This act shall take effect im- 
mediately. 



BY-LAWS AND RULES 

of the Board of Education, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Preamble 

As provided by law, the board of education shall have the power 
and it shall be its duty to provide the necessary buildings, furniture, 
equipment and conditions for an efficient system of public schools 
for the City of Ithaca. It shall be responsible for the proper care, 
extension, upkeep and safety of the same, shall employ the super- 
vising and teaching staff, health and other employees necessary, 
and prescribe rules and regulations for the same; and shall make 
such further needful provisions as may seem necessary for an effi- 
cient and satisfactory system of public education provided by law. 

ARTICLE I 

Officers, Organization and Meetings 

Section 1. The Annual Meetings of the board of education 
of the city of Ithaca, N. Y., shall be held on the second Tuesday 
in May of each year, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon at which meeting 
the board shall select a president for the ensuing year (§ 867, Laws 
of 1917. 



30 Board of Education 

§ 2. The meeting shall be called to order by the secretary and, 
after the appointment of a member of the board as temporary chair- 
man, the board shall proceed to elect by ballot a president for the 
ensuing year. A majority vote of all members of the board shall 
be necessary to a choice. 

§ 3. The Regular Meetings of the board of education shall 
be held on the first Tuesday evening of each month at 7 :30 o'clock, 
in the office of the board of education. 

§ 4. Special Meetings may be called by the president by giving 
the usual notice in writing at least twenty-four hours preceding 
the date of such special meeting which notice shall state the busi- 
ness to be considered at such special meeting. No business shall 
be transacted at a special meeting other than that stated in the 
notice herein provided excepting by unanimous consent of the board. 

§ 5. A Quorum for the transaction of ordinary routine busi- 
ness shall consist of a majority of the members of the board. For 
the election or dismissal of teachers or other school officers, and for 
the amendment of these by-laws and rules, a majority vote of the 
full membership of the board will be required. 

ARTICLE II 

Order of Business 

Section 1. The Presiding Officer at each meeting of the board 
of education shall be the president of said board, and it shall be 
his duty to call the meeting to order at the appointed hour. In his 
absence, the meeting shall be called to order by the secretary of 
the board, and a president pro tern for the meeting chosen. 

§ 2. The Order of Business at each regular and adjourned 
meeting of the board of education other than the annual meeting 
provided for in Article 1, Section 1 hereof, shall be as follows: 

Order of Business 

1. The receipt of communications to the board of education 
personally presented from other than members of said 
board, and action thereon; 

2. The reading, correcting, and approval of the minutes of the 
previous meeting; 

3. The receipt of communications and reports to the board 
from the president, and action thereon; 



By-Laws and Rules 31 

5. The receipt of communications and reports to the board 
from standing committees and action thereon in the follow- 
ing order: 

(a) Finance committee, 

■ (b) Teachers and organization of schools, 

(c) Buildings and sites, 

(d) Books, apparatus, and printing, 

(e) Supplies, fuel, fire-fighting equipment and furniture, 

(f) Health and hygiene, 

(g) Playgrounds, 

(h) Residence and tuition; 

6. The receipt of communications and reports from special 
committees to the board and action thereon; 

7. The consideration of unfinished business; 

8. The consideration of miscellaneous business; 

9. Adjournment. 

No business shall be taken out of the above order at any regular 
or adjourned meeting of the board of education without the unani- 
mous consent of all members present. 

ARTICLE III 

Rules of Order 

Section L All business shall be brought before the board of 
education by a motion; all motions require a second. 

§ 2. All motions duly made and seconded shall be considered 
in possession of the board and shall be reduced to writing when- 
ever requested by a member. 

§ 3. It shall be the duty of every member to vote on all ques- 
tions, motions, and resolutions submitted for action unless excused 
by the board from so doing. 

§ 4. No member shall speak longer than ten minutes the first 
time nor more than five memutes the second time upon the same 
subject except by unanimous consent of the board; and no member 
shall speak more than twice upon the same subject if the floor is 
claimed by a member who has not spoken twice. 

§ 5. The president shall have a vote upon all questions be- 
fore the board and whenever the vote shall be a tie, the question 
shall be considered lost. As a member of the board, he shall also 



82 Board of Education 

have the right to take part in the debate on any question under 
consideration at his discretion, 

§ 6. The superintejident of schools shall "have a seat in the 
board of education and the right to speak on all matters before 
the board, but not to vote" (§ 870 Laws of 1917) 

§ 7. The yeas and nays shall always be taken and recorded 
in the minutes of the board upon any question when demanded by 
any member of said board. 

§ 8. All standing and special committees shall consist of three 
MEMBERS each unless otherwise ordered by the board, and all such 
committees shall be appointed by the president. 

§ 9. All Reports of the committees shall be in writing when 
requested and shall be filed with the secretary of the board. All 
such reports shall state substantially the facts appearing before 
the committee. Reports recommending that action be taken by 
the board shall terminate with a resolution. 

§ 10. Upon every matter reported to a committee, such com- 
mittee shall meet for inquiry and deliberation and no report shall 
be entertained by the board unless a majority of the committee 
making the report shall have examined into the matter thus referred 
and concurred in the report of the committee. All written reports 
of the committees to the board of education shall be signed by the 
concurring members. 

§ 11. At the time of making their reports upon matters reg- 
ularly assigned to the different committees, such committees shall 
return all communications, accounts, resolutions, and other papers 
relating to the subject referred to them, and these documents shall 
become the property of the board of education and be turned over 
to the secretary of the board to be filed by him. 

§ 12. Original papers shall not be removed from the files of 
the board of education and loaned to persons for any purpose what- 
soever without the order of the board of education or a court order; 
but any tax payer may, upon request, examine the records of the 
board of education at the office of said board. 

§ 13. When a question is pending before the board, no motion 
shall be received excepting the following: — 

a. to fix the time to which to adjourn, 

b. to adjourn, 

c. to. take a recess, 



By-Laws and Rules 33 

d. to postpone indefinitely, 

e. to postpone to a certain date, 

f. to lay on the table, 

g. to amend, 

h. to refer or re-commit, 
which motions shall have precedence as they stand arranged and 
a, &, c, f, are not debatable. The previous question may be moved 
whenever the question is debatable including d, e, g, and h. 

§ 14. Robert's Rules of Order shall be the book of reference 
upon all questions of parliamentary law not herein provided for, 
and these shall be the rules of the board in so far as the same are 
apphcable. 

ARTICLE IV 
Duties of the President 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the president to preside at 
all meetings of the board of education, to receive all communica- 
tions presented to said board, to sign all documents on its behalf 
unless otherwise ordered by the board, to enforce these by-laws and 
rules of order and to appoint a secretary pro tempore (in the ab- 
sence of the secretary) ; 

§ 2. To call a special meeting of the board of education when- 
ever he considers it necessary or when requested in writing by 
three or more members of the board to do so, by giving notice in 
writing to each member at least twenty-four hours preceding the 
date of such meeting, said notice to contain a statement of the 
business for which the special meeting is called; 

§ 3. As soon as practicable after his election, unless other- 
wise ordered by the board, to appoint the following standing com- 
mittees, each to consist of three members : (a) Finance; (b) Teachers, 
examinations, and organization of schools; (c) Buildings, sites, and 
repairs; (d) Books, apparatus, and printing; (e) Supplies, fuel, 
fire-fighting equipment, and furniture; (f) Health and hygiene; (g) 
Playgrounds; (h) Residence and tuition. 

ARTICLE V 

Duties of the Secretary 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the secretary of the board of 
education, or in his absence, the secretary pro tempore, to keep an 



34 Board of Education 

accurate record of its proceedings with the names of its members 
present at each meeting, and to pubhsh the same or a portion thereof, 
in such papers of the city as the board shall from time to time direct ; 

§ 2. At every meeting of the board of education, to have a 
list of unfinished business in the order of its introduction which he 
shall read without the formality of a motion when unfinished busi- 
ness is in order; 

§ 3. To send a written notice of all meetings to all members 
of the board of education, countersign all drafts upon the treasurer 
authorized by the board, make out and submit all reports required 
by law to be made to any other body or person at the time or within 
the period prescribed by law, and transmit the same to the proper 
authorities; 

§ 4. To keep the financial accounts of the board and check 
the same with the treasurer, receive the tuition of non-resident 
pupils, collect the laboratory fees, and turn the same over to the 
treasurer, taking his receipt therefor; 

§ 5. To have charge of all school supplies and of their distri- 
bution ; seeing to it that no supplies are sent to any school excepting 
upon the written requisition of a supervisor, principal, or head of a 
department duly approved by the superintendent of schools; and 
keeping a supply account with each school which shall show what 
supplies, the quantity, and when sent, and submitting the same to 
the superintendent; 

§ 6. To keep a petty account of the expenses of his office in 
a book exclusively used for this purpose which petty account shall 
be audited in the same manner as the other bills of the board; and 

§ 7. In addition to the above duties, to acknowledge the re- 
ceipt of all communications and report the disposition of the same, 
and perform such other clerical duties as may from time to time be 
required of him by the board of education or by the superintendent 
of schools. 

ARTICLE VI 
Duties of the Treasurer 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the treasurer to receive all 
moneys from the city chamberlam, county treasurer, board of 
regents, the secretary of the board of education, and from all other 
bodies or persons having to do with funds to be used for public 



By-Laws and Rules 35 

school purposes; and to deposit the same immediately in such 
bank or banks in the city of Ithaca, N. Y., as may be designated 
by the board of education; 

§ 2. To pay out moneys received by him for the support of 
the public schools only upon the receipt of drafts authorized by the 
board of education signed by its president and countersigned by 
its secretary, all such payments to be made by checks consecutively 
numbered ; 

§ 3. To make a monthly report in writmg to the board of all 
moneys received and disbursed by him on its account, together 
with a statement of the amount of each separate fund still in his 
hands at the time the statement is made, and at the end of his official 
term, to settle with the board and to pay over to his successor in 
office to the credit of the board all moneys remaining in his hands 
and subject to his order, together with all books, papers, and other 
documents or records pertaining thereto in his possession; 

§ 4. To compare his books each month with the financial ac- 
counts kept by the secretary of the board; and to furnish a bond 
for the faithful performance of his duties m such sums as may be 
designated by said board; 

§ 5. In addition to the above, to perform such other duties 
relating to the financial transactions of the board as may from time 
to time be assigned to him by said board or by the superintendent 
of schools. 

ARTICLE VII 

The Finance Committee 

Section L It shall be the duty of the finance committee to 
have supervision over all the fiscal concerns of the board including 
(a) the preparation of the tax roll and settlement with the city 
chamberlain, (b) the examination and approval of the books of the 
treasurer and of the secretary, (c) the checking of the monthly bills 
against the board presented from its standing committees and from 
all other sources, and (d) the publication of the monthly audits in 
at least one newspaper published in the city of Ithaca; 

§ 2. In co-operation with the superintendent of schools, to pre- 
pare an itemized estimate or budget for the current or ensuing 
fiscal year of such sum of money as it may deem necessary for the 
payment of salaries of superintendent, supervisors, teachers, lee- 



36 Board of Education 

turers, special instructors, medical inspectors, nurses, attendance 
officer, janitors, assistant secretaries, treasurer, and all other em- 
ployees of the board; for buildings and repairs, fuel and light, 
water, supplies, text and library books, apparatus, furniture, fix- 
tures, office supplies, and all other expenses deemed necessary for 
the efficient and satisfactory operation of a system of schools and 
authorized by law; and file the same not later than the first day of 
September of each year for the consideration of the board; (§ 877, 
Laws of 1917) ; and in connection with the budget which shall be 
definite in its assignments to each committee, to advise the board 
of the total assessed valuation of the property of the city subject 
to taxation for school purposes and to recommend the tax rate; 

§ 3. To see that the buildings used for school purposes, the 
furniture, apparatus, books, pictures, statuary, musical instruments, 
and other property belonging to or used in the public schools under 
the supervision of the board are kept insured in reliable companies 
in such amounts as to reasonably protect the board from undue 
loss by fire; 

§ 4. At the regular meeting in October to make a report of 
the financial transactions during the preceding year ending July 
31, showing in detail the receipts from all sources for the support 
of the public schools and the expenditures under all general head- 
ings required by law or otherwise to summarize the business of the 
board; and closing with a statement showing the amount of in- 
surance upon the buildings and other physical property of the school 
district, the amount of indebtedness of the board, its resources, 
and such other items as will give to each member a full and com- 
plete knowledge of the actual financial condition relating to all or 
any of the pubhc schools under the supervision of the board; 

§ 5. Whenever it shall become necessary to obtain a loan for 
the payment of bills against the board, to report to the board with 
recommendation regarding the same, and no loan shall be obtained 
in the name of the board which has not first been authorized by 
said board upon recommendation of the finance committee. When- 
ever such loan is so authorized, it shall be the duty of the finance 
committee to make the same and report back to the board, the 
amount and terms thereof; 

§ 6. To keep a record of all loans made to the board whether 
by bond issue or otherwise, to provide for their payment and for 



By-Laws and Rules 37 

the payment of the interest thereon, and to see that no bill is paid 
against the board until the same has been approved and signed by 
some member of the committee having jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE VIII 

Committee on Teachers, Examinations, and Organization 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on teachers, 
examinations, and organization of schools to ascertain the qualifi- 
cations of all applicants recommended by the superintendent of 
schools for positions as teachers in the various schools or any of 
them under the supervision of the board of education and from 
such applicants thus recommended to select and report to the board 
of education not later than the regular meeting in June such num- 
ber of new teachers for the ensuing year as the work of instruction 
in the various schools and departments may require; and to see to 
it that no person shall be so recommended who does not meet the 
requirements as to certification to teach in the schools of the state 
as provided in § 551, Article 20, page 164 of the education law, 
edition of 1918 until the same shall be amended; 

§ 2. To suspend any teacher who shall violate the rules and 
regulations of the board and the directions of the superintendent 
of schools, or whose example or influence is prejudicial to the cause 
of public education in this city; but all such suspensions shall be 
reported at the next regular meeting of the board and shall be sub- 
ject to its approval; 

§ 3. In conjunction with the superintendent of schools to pre- 
pare and submit to the board for its approval such rules and regula- 
tions as may from time to time seem necessary to secure the most 
effective instruction and discipline in the various schools or de- 
partments especially with reference to supervision, the arrange- 
ment of classes, the courses of study, the time schedule, the daily 
programs, the order and decorum of pupils and their constant and 
punctual attendance; 

§ 4. To consider and decide cases of discipline reported to 
them by the superintendent of schools arising from the enforcement 
of the rules and regulations of the board or from his directions, 
and to hear appeals from his decision taken by teachers, or by 
parents; 



38 Board of Education 

§ 5. To RESTORE or SUSPEND or EXPEL refractory pupils from 
any school as the necessity of the case may demand. All cases of 
discipline may be appealed from the decision of the committee to 
the board, but no such appeal shall be considered unless the same 
shall be made in writing, specifying the grounds therefor. 

ARTICLE IX 

Committee on Building, Sites and Repairs 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on buildings, 
sites, and repairs, to have the general supervision of the buildings 
used for the purpose of the public schools, and from time to time 
to report to the board on the expediency of building, altering, re- 
pairing or improving any of them or the grounds connected there- 
with ; 

§ 2. At the regular meeting in June, to make a report with a 
statement of the repairs and improvements which should be made 
during the summer vacation; 

§ 3. To appoint, upon the recommendation of the superintend- 
ent of schools, the necessary janitors, janitresses, engineers, care- 
takers, and other help necessary to properly care for each and all 
of the buildings used for school purposes including the heating, 
lighting, and ventilating of the same, and to report all such appoint- 
ments to the board of education at its next meeting; 

§ 4. To recommend to the board the necessary heating and 
ventilating apparatus needed for the proper heating and ventilating 
of the various school buildings; and to see that all such apparatus 
is annually inspected and put into proper repair during the summer 
vacation and that the same is kept in repair at all times. 

ARTICLE X 

Committee on Books, Apparatus, and Printing 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on books, 
apparatus and printing, upon the recommendation of the super- 
intendent of schools, to recommend to the board the appointment 
of a librarian and such assistants as in its judgment the work re- 
quires; and to hold such librarian when so appointed responsible 
for the care of all reference and text books, maps, charts, pictures, 



By-Laws and Rules 39 

stereographs, balopticons, motion picture machines, or other pro- 
jection apparatus used for visual instruction, and all views and 
slides used in any and all of the public schools; 

§ .2. To recommend for the use of the pupils in the public 
schools of the City of Ithaca and for its library from lists prepared 
under the direction of and recommended by the superintendent of 
schools such books as in the judgment of the committee are neces- 
sary for the successful prosecution of the course of study approved 
by the board of education, (§ 870, paragraph 3, Laws of 1917); 

§ 3. To cause the books thus adopted to be properly catalogued 
and recorded, to adopt rules for the guidance of teachers and pupils 
regarding their care, and to cause the entire book plant during the 
summer vacation to be annually overhauled, cleaned, repaired, 
worthless books discarded, and the books made usable and ample 
for the work of the schools; 

§ 4. To approve and recommend the purchase from lists pre- 
pared under the direction of and with the recommendation of the 
superintendent of schools of such school apparatus including maps, 
charts, globes, science and other apparatus, as in the judgment of 
the committee seems necessary for the proper and efficient carrying 
out of the courses of study adopted by the board together with the 
care of and necessary repairs to the same; 

§ 5. To secure competitive bids for the printing of the course 
of study, and of the report of the public schools, and to authorize, 
when such printing is not done in the school print shop, the printing 
of administration blanks, report and record cards required for the 
complete record of the work of pupils, programs, handbooks, con- 
tract blanks, reports to parents, to state and national officials, 
material needed for the work of the various standing or special 
committees, and such other printing as in the judgment of the com- 
mittee seems necessary. 

ARTICLE XI 

Committee on Supplies, Fuel, Furniture, Fire-fighting Equipment 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on supplies, 
fuel, furniture, and fire-fighting equipment, upon the recommenda- 
tion of the superintendent of schools to recommend to the board 
of education the purchase of pupils' and teachers' desks, tables, 
chairs, bookcases, supply cases, drawing tables, and such other 



40 Board of Education 

furniture as in the judgment of the committee the proper equipping 
of the schools for efficient work demands; 

§ 2. To purchase from the list prepared under the direction 
and upon the recommendation of the superintendent of schools 
such supplies as in its judgment are needed for efficient work in the 
schools under the supervision of the board and not provided for as 
a part of the duties of any other committee; 

§ 3. To recommend to the board the necessary fire-fighting 
equipment for the proper protection of the various buildings, to 
see that during the summer vacation all such equipment is annually 
inspected and put into proper repair for use at the opening of school 
in September, and to see to it that all such equipment is kept in 
proper repair at all times; 

§ 4. To purchase the necessary fuel for the various buildings 
used for school purposes, and to provide for the light and power 
used in the operation of the whole school plant. 

ARTICLE XII 

Committee on Health and Hygiene 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the committee on health and 
hygiene to see that the various buildings used for school purposes 
are kept in a condition not prejudicial to the health of pupils re- 
quired to attend therem, and to see that at least once in each year 
all buildings have been thoroughly cleaned as provided in the regu- 
lations for janitors, and that the buildings are properly fumigated 
whenever there seems to be need of such precaution for safeguarding 
the health of pupils; 

§ 2. To see that all schools are provided through the committee 
having jurisdiction with sanitary drinking fountains, liquid soap, 
paper towels, hot and cold water, and with adequate and sanitary 
toilet facilities; 

§ 3. In conjunction with the superintendent of schools, to 
recommend to the board a medical inspector, school and dental 
nurses in conformity to the general education law of the state, to 
provide the necessary supplies and apparatus to make the work ef- 
fective and to have general oversight of the work of this department; 

§ 4. To see that the law regarding medical inspection, the 
vaccination of school children, the quarantine regulations of the 



By-Laws and Rules 41 

public health law, and such laws as relate to the exclusion from 
public schools of children having contagious diseases are properly- 
observed, to adopt regulations to make its duties effective as out- 
lined in this section. 

ARTICLE XIII 

Playgrounds 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the playground committee 
to have charge of the playgrounds in connection with the work of 
the public schools and to be charged with their supervision, care, 
and the care of the apparatus belonging thereto; 

§ 2, To purchase such apparatus and make such improvements 
as it deems for the best interests and essential for the development 
of the school playgrounds; 

§ 3. Upon the recommendation of the superintendent of schools 
to appoint the necessary instructors, assistants and helpers for the 
work during the summer vacation. 

ARTICLE XIV 

Residence and Tuition 

The committee on residence and tuition shall examine into all 
claims for free tuition from pupils who are supposed to be non- 
residents but claim to be residents or who are over twenty-one 
years of age and whose parents are either non-residents or are not 
tax payers, and determine whether such claimants are liable to tuition 
charges. 

ARTICLE XV 

Qualifications, Appointment, and Duties of the 
Superintendent of Schools 

Section 1. The board shall appoint a superintendent of schools 
who shall at the time of his appointment be a graduate of a college 
or university approved by The University of the State of New 
York, and who shall have in addition thereto pedagogical training 
equal to that given by the normal schools of this state, and who 
shall have had not less than five years of successful experience in 
actual teaching or supervising in the public schools since graduation 
in this or in some other state. (See § 869, Laws of 1917.) 



42 Board of Education 

§ 2. The superintendent of schools shall hold office during 
the pleasure of the board or during the specific term for which he 
may have been appointed. He may be dismissed at any time for 
incompetency, maladministration, or misconduct in office. Charges 
against the superintendent shall be made in writing duly signed, of 
which he shall have a copy, whereupon the board shall hear such 
charges and, if they are sustained, may by an affirmative vote of a 
majority of the full board with the approval of the State Commis- 
sioner of Education dismiss him from office. He shall have a seat 
in the board of education and the right to speak on all matters 
before the board, but no vote. 

§ 3. It shall be the duty of the superintendent of schools as 
the chief executive officer of the board and the educational system, 
to enforce all the provisions of school law and the rules and regula- 
tions of the board relating to the management of the schools, and 
other educational, social and recreational activities under the di- 
rection of the board of education and to make such temporary 
regulations as will in his judgment make the laws and rules effective; 

§ 4. To have complete supervision over the public schools of 
the city, the care and use of the several school buildings, premises 
and appurtenances, and all school property contained therein, in 
accordance with the general education law and the regulations of 
the board, and be responsible therefor; 

§ 5. To prepare the contents of each course of study authorized 
by the board of education for the various schools and grades or de- 
partments, to submit the same to the board of education for its ap- 
proval, and when thus approved to cause such courses of study to 
be used in the various grades, schools, classes, and departments for 
which they are authorized; 

§ 6. To recommend to the proper committee suitable text- 
books, reference books, supplies, and school apparatus which in his 
judgment are necessary for most effectively putting into operation 
the various courses of study authorized by the board and to call 
to his assistance for this purpose any of his teachers or to visit and 
inspect at the expense of the board other school systems to this end; 

§ 7. To have supervision and direction of all supervisors, 
principals, teachers, librarians, lecturers, medical inspectors, nurses, 
auditors, attendance officers, janitors, and other persons employed 
in the management of the schools or the educational activities of 



By-Laws and Rules 43 

the city authorized by law and under the direction and manage- 
ment of the board of education (§ 870, paragraph 4, Laws of 1917); 
to see that the employees of the board observe its regulations and 
to report any violations of the same; 

§ 8. To transfer teachers from one school to another, or from 
one grade of the course of study to another grade in such course, 
to prescribe their work, to suspend a supervisor, expert, principal, 
teacher or other employee of the board for reasons which he deems 
satisfactory until the next meeting of the board when all facts 
relative to the case shall be submitted to the board for its considera- 
tion and action (§ 870, paragraph 4, Laws of 1919) ; 

§ 9. To issue upon examination such licenses to teachers, 
principals, directors, and other members of the teaching and super- 
vising staff as may be required under the regulations of the board 
of education in addition to the minimum qualifications required by 
the state; to examine and promote pupils; and to conduct the re- 
gents examinations in accordance with the rules governing the same 
(§ 870, paragraph 6, Laws of 1919); 

§ 10. To recommend to the board through the proper com- 
mittee all supervisors, principals, teachers, lecturers, librarians, 
medical inspectors, nurses, auditors, clerks, janitors, and other 
educational experts and employees of the board in any and all 
schools, grades, and departments, having first inquired into and 
ascertained their qualification and fitness for the positions for which 
they are recommended; 

§ 11. To provide blanks for registers and reports, to have 
charge of their distribution to teachers for their use and for the 
keeping thereof, to see that the registers are adapted to show the 
attendance of each pupil in the schools, the number of those in 
constant attendance, and those who are not, and to require from 
supervisors, principals, or other employees of the board of education 
such reports and information as will give him the information needed 
for the recommendation of teachers for permanent appointment or 
for state and government reports or for other administrative pur- 
poses; 

§ 12. To ascertain from time to time in connection with the 
proper committee whether the school districts are divided as far 
as may be for the convenience of all pupils attending the several 
schools, and report to the board such changes in the district boun- 



44 Board of Education 

daries as may seem likely to improve the classification or lessen 
the expense of maintaining the schools without decreasing their 
efficiency; 

§ 13. To transfer a pupil from one school to the corresponding 
grade of another when in his judgment it is wise because of illness 
or other definite and tangible reason, filing a record of such transfer 
with the reasons therefor; 

§ 14. To give attention to all cases of misconduct reported to 
him by supervisors, principals, and teachers upon the part of pupils, 
and to hear and decide appeals taken by pupils or their parents 
from the decision or action of supervisors, principals, teachers, or 
other employees of the board (appeals from the decision of the 
superintendent may be taken to the committee having jurisdiction, 
or may be carried to the board) ; 

§ 15. To keep a record of his official acts which shall be open 
to inspection at all times by the board or by any of its committees; 

§ 16. To prepare, or cause to be prepared and to submit at 
each regular meeting of the board monthly reports as follows : 

(a) of the work of supervisors ; 

(b) of principals showing the attendance of pupils and 

teachers, and such other information relating to the 
work, care and condition of the schools or of any of 
them or of the school buildings as he may deem 
advisable; 

(c) of librarians : 

(d) of the secretary of the school census and com- 

pulsory attendance; 

(e) of the medical inspectors and school nurse; 

(f) of the dental nurse; 

(g) of the open air work ; 
(h) of the atypical work; 

(i) of the care of the various school buildings; 
§ 17. To submit at the regular meeting in October a general 
report of the schools for the preceding year in which shall be ex- 
hibited in detail the condition and prospects of the schools and 
the state of education in the city generally and to which shall be 
added such statistics and other information as he may deem, im- 
portant including an abstract of the monthly reports of supervisors 
and teachers and other employees of the board above mentioned 



By-Laws and Rules 45 

together with such recommendations for changes, improvements, 
extensions of the work in any school, grade or department as he 
may deem for the best interests of the children of the city; 

§ 18. To have charge of and be responsible for the text and 
reference books in use in the various schools of the city under the 
direction of the board, including the proper cataloguing, recording, 
repairing, and replacing the same with additions thereto; and 
with the approval of the cotiimittee having jurisdiction to appoint 
a librarian and assistants for carrying into effect the purpose of 
this section; 

§ 19. To call a meeting of all the supervisors, principals, 
teachers, and other educational experts engaged in the public schools 
of this city or in any of them, on the first Monday of the first week 
of the school year, and as often thereafter as he may deem desirable 
for the purpose of giving instruction in administration, the methods 
of teaching, school management, and in other matters pertaining 
to the work of the schools or any of them or to education generally. 

§ 20. He may with the approval of the teachers committee 
attend the annual meetings of the State Teachers Association, the 
State Council of School Superintendents, the National Educational 
Association, if held east of the Rocky Mountains, and the meeting of 
the Department of Superintendents of the N. E. A., the expense of 
attending these meetings to be borne by the board of education. He 
may also under the same conditions visit other cities for the purpose 
of studying their methods of instruction, administration, buildings, 
and equipment. 

§ 21. For the effective carrying out of these duties and to 
aid in the discharging of these responsibilities, the superintendent 
of schools may, with the approval of the finance committee, appoint 
a Financial Secretary, a Secretary of School Census and Attendance, 
an Office Secretary, a Telephone Operator, and other needed clerical 
help, and prescribe their duties. 

ARTICLE XVI 

Payment of Salaries 

Section 1. The salaries of the superintendent, supervisors, 
principals, teachers, and school nurse, shall be paid in twenty equal 
installments; those of the other employees not engaged in the care 



46 Board of Education 

of buildings in twenty-two equal installments; and those of the 
caretaker, engineer, and janitors in twenty-four equal installments, 
unless otherwise ordered by the board. 

§ 2. The pay roll shall be presented to the board for action 
thereon at the first meeting after the close of each school month. 
The pay roll shall show the names of all persons mentioned in section 
one of this article, the annual salary of each, and the amount to be 
paid each month. 

§ 3. When the pay roll is properly certified to by the proper 
committee, the president and secretary may sign a voucher direct- 
ing the treasurer to pay the same, preceding the Thanksgiving, 
Christmas, Easter, and summer vacations, and in the middle of 
each month. 

ARTICLE XVII 

Alterations and Amendments 

These by-laws and rules may be altered or amended at any 
regular meeting of the board of education by a vote of the majority 
of all the members of said board, providing that one month's notice 
of the proposed alteration or amendment has been given in writing 
at some previous meeting of the board when opportunity has been 
given for full discussion. 

Unanimously adopted May 6, 1919. 

SCHOOL REGULATIONS 

ARTICLE I 

Classifications, Teachers, Schools 

Section 1. The public schools shall be classified as follows, 
each grade including the studies of one year: 

Elementary, including the kindergarten and the first, second, 
third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh "B"* years. 

Secondary, including the seventh "A", eighth, ninth, tenth, 
eleventh and twelfth years if located in the high and grammar 
school building. 

§ 2. Classification of teachers: Titles. The various persons 
comprising the supervising and instructing staff of the Ithaca Public 

*"B" attached to a year means the first term of the year; "A" means the 
second term of the year. 



School Regulations 47 

Schools shall be classified as follows: 1. Supervising staff, consist- 
ing of a superintendent of schools, a first assistant, a supervisor of 
writing and spelling, a supervisor of drawing and nature study, a 
supervisor of music, a supervisor of physical education and a librarian ; 
2. Heads of Schools, consisting of the head teachers of the various 
schools, to be designated as follows, — in the senior high school as 
The Senior Headmaster, in the junior high school as The Junior 
Headmaster, in the elementary schools as Principals; 3. Heads of 
Departments, consisting of teachers designated as Heads of Depart- 
ments for the following work, — Industrial Arts, Household Arts, 
English, History, Science, Mathematics, Foreign Languages, Com- 
mercial, Instrumental music and Special Classes; 4. Class Teachers, 
etc. All other teachers, substitutes and assistants in all departments 
in all schools not included under the above heads shall be known 
and designated as an assistant, class or substitute teacher. 

ARTICLE II 

Terms, Holidays and Sessions 

Section 1 The school year. The school year shall consist 
of forty weeks and shall be divided as nearly as possible into two 
semesters of twenty weeks each. 

§ 2. The first semester. The first semester shall commence 
on the first Monday in September, and shall continue through the 
January examinations about twenty weeks exclusive of a vacation 
of one or two weeks, as the case may be, which will include both 
Christmas and New Year's Day. 

§ 3. The second semester. The second semester shall com- 
mence on the Monday succeeding the close of the first semester 
and continue twenty weeks (more or less as the first semester is 
more or less) exclusive of a vacation of one week at Easter, which 
vacation shall begin on the Wednesday before Easter Sunday and 
close on the Tuesday following. 

§ 4. The holidays. The holidays included in the semester 
are every Saturday, Labor Day, Thanksgiving day and the day 
following, Washington's birthday, Lincoln's birthday, and Decora- 
tion day. 

§ 5. Dismissal of school. No school shall be dismissed for any 
purpose except in case of cold (see Art. vi § 13) or of an emergency 
that will not admit of delay, without the consent of the superintendent. 



48 Board of Education 

if he is in the city, or of the teachers committee, or of the board of edu- 
cation, and in the above order. 

§ 6. Session in secondary grades. The morning session of 
the secondary grades shall begin every day at 8:40 o'clock and 
end at 11:45, and the afternoon session shall begin at 1:14 and end 
at 4:15, the last period to be used for study, making up work, regu- 
lar class recitation, laboratory, for student activities, and council 
work as the superintendent may direct. 

§ 7. Sessions in the elementary grades. In the elementary 
schools, not held in the main building, the morning session shall 
begin at 8:55 o'clock and end at 11:40, and the afternoon session 
shall begin at 1:10 and end at 3:45. If held in the main building, 
the hours will be the same as those mentioned in § 6 above. 
Teachers of first and second year pupils may commence dismissing 
their classes ten minutes before the time above specified for closing. 
First grade pupils are not to be in school more than three and one-half 
hours during the entire day excepting by permission of the superin- 
tendent (see Article VI, § 2). 

§ 8. The first bell. In those schools still equipped with a bell, 
the ''first bell" in the morning shall ring at 8:40, and the second 
shall commence ringing at 8:50 and continue to ring for two minutes. 
The first bell in the afternoon shall ring at 12:50, and the second 
shall commence at 1 :05 and continue to ring for two minutes — the 
University clock to be the standard time. 

ARTICLE III 

Admission of Pupils 

Section 1. Non-resident pupils. Non-resident pupils, (pupils 
whose parents or guardians do not live in Ithaca), may be admitted 
to any school for which they are qualified, by paying tuition in 
advance for each quarter, to the secretary of the board of education 
at the following rates : 
Secondary pupils (grades 9-12) : 
Tompkins County: 

Senior high school, $60.00 per year, $15.00 per quarter 
Junior high school, $50.00 per year, $12.50 per quarter. 
Outside of County students: 

Senior high school, $100.00 per year, $25.00 per quarter. 
Junior high school, $60.00 per year, $15.00 per quarter. 



School Regulations 49 

Secondary pupils (grades 7 and 8) $40.00 per year, $10.00 per quarter. 
Elementary schools, $20.00 per year, $5.00 per quarter. 

§ 2. Suspension for non-payment. No pupil shall be allowed 
to continue in school, whose tuition is not paid within four weeks 
from the time it becomes due, as above provided. 

§ 3. Refunding tuition. Allowance shall be made only in 
case of sickness or other unavoidable necessity, and then only for 
that portion of absence in excess of two conseciitive weeks. 

§ 4. Fifth year. For the fifth year, non-resident pupils attend- 
ing the high school who have failed to graduate in four years will 
be charged $75 for the fifth year's tuition if residents of the county, 
and $100 for the sixth year, unless such failure to graduate is for 
causes beyond the pupil's control; if living outside of Tompkins 
County, the tuition for the fifth year will be $150 and $200 for the 
sixth year. 

§ 5. Age of pupils at entrance. Pupils who are not five years 
of age at the opening of school in September or whose fifth birthday 
does not come before the Thanksgiving recess, will not be admitted 
to the schools. Pupils over five years of age who enter after the 
beginning of the year must be prepared to join classes already formed. 

ARTICLE IV 

Inspection and Supervision 

Section 1. First duties. It is the duty of all supervisors to 
furnish the superintendent in writing with a monthly plan of their 
work; to ascertain by inspection, by examination, and by conduct- 
ing occasional recitations in the various grades whether or not each 
teacher under their supervision is doing the work outlined in the 
course of studj'' thoroughly and in accordance with good pedagogic 
practice; and to report to the superintendent in writing any defect 
or practice on the part of any teacher which interferes with the 
"effective, efficient and satisfactory service" required by law. 

§ 2. Planning work — office hours.' When not engaged in 
teaching or supervision, supervisors are required to devote their entire 
time in supervising and planning for the work over which they have 
been placed and for which they are responsible. It is recommended 
that they have regular office hours on Thursday or Friday from 
3:30 to 4:30 each week. 

§ 3. Grade meetings. For the purpose of developing a high 



50 Board of Education 

degree of efficiency in the work under their special direction, super- 
visors shall hold grade faculty meetings as directed by the super- 
intendent of schools. At these meetings methods of instruction, 
questions of correlation of studies, cooperation with associates, 
classroom and playground management, the relation of the teachers 
to the school and to the community, criticism of work observed, 
and similar questions will be discussed by the supervisors with the 
teachers. 

§ 4. Class teaching. In addition to their work of supervision, 
supervisors are required to regularly instruct classes in the secondary 
grades in their special subjects or allied subjects. 

§ 5. Reports, etc. Supervisors shall make an annual report 
to the superintendent in writing setting forth the work accomplished 
during the year, and such other reports as may be necessary to 
fulfil legal requirements or as he may deem expedient. 

§ 6. Course of study, etc. They shall assist in the revision of 
the course of study, with the annual exhibition of school work when- 
ever one is held, and shall bring to the attention of the superintend- 
ent any information concerning any phase of school work, adminis- 
tration, or discipline which they possess and which he should know 
for the general betterment of the schools. 

§ 7. Jurisdiction. The supervisor of instruction, shall have 
authority over the subject-matter and method in academic work 
throughout the grades and junior high school (kind, to 9 grade in- 
clusive); the supervisor of penmanship and spelling over the same 
field as the supervisor of instruction and in collaboration with her; 
the supervisor of music over all subject-matter and method in vocal 
music throughout the school system; the supervisor of drawing 
over all subject-matter and method in drawing throughout the school 
system excepting the mechanical drawing of the industrial arts 
department; the supervisor of physical education over the work 
of physical education throughout the school system — all under the 
direction of the superintendent of schools who may extend or abridge 
the above duties in the case of any supervisor. 

§ 8. Schedule of work. Supervisors are required to make out 
a schedule showing when and where their grade meetings with 
teachers are to be held ; also the days when they will be at the vari- 
ous schools. These are to be worked out by all supervisors working 
as a committee to avoid confficts and duplications, a copy of such 



School Regulations 51 

schedules to be furnished all principals and teachers after first being 
approved by the superintendent. 

ARTICLE V 

Duties of Headmasters and Princi'pals of Schools 

Section 1. Headmasters and principals. Headmasters and 
principals will be held responsible for the enforcement of the regula- 
tions of the board of education and the directions of the superintend- 
ent of schools in their respective schools, and shall read Articles IV, 
V, VI and VII to their teachers during the month of September. They 
shall assign such duties to the assistant teachers as will make their 
services most beneficial to the school, and shall advise and direct 
them as to the best mode of administration and discipline. 

§ 2. Care of buildings, etc. They shall see that the school 
houses, furniture, books, apparatus and grounds are kept in good 
order, and shall notify the superintendent of any repairs or supplies 
that may be needed (see Article IX, § 16). 

§ 3. Monthly and annual reports. Principals shall transmit 
to the superintendent at the close of each month and year full reports 
on blanks furnished for the purpose, and shall give such other in- 
formation as may be required by law or by the superintendent or 
the board. 

§ 4. Inventory. They shall, at the close of the school return 
the keys of their respective school buildings and of the several 
rooms therein to the superintendent, and shall file with him an 
inventory of all property belonging to the board, in the school 
buildings under their charge. 

§ 5. It shall be the duty of the principal of each building to 
see that the janitors discharge their duties according to the regula- 
tions set forth in Article IX hereof and to report any delinquencies 
to the superintendent. They shall examine their buildings monthly 
before countersigning the reports of janitors as per § 14 of Article 
IX hereof. 

§ 6. Dinner pupils. They shall set apart one or more rooms 
in their respective buildings, in which those pupils who are permitted 
to bring their dinners to school may eat the same, and where they 
may remain in inclement weather until the other school rooms 
are opened; and shall appoint one or more of their assistant teachers 
to have charge of such rooms. 



52 Board of Education 

§ 7. Teaching. Headmasters and principals having twelve or 
more assistant teachers will be expected to teach one-half of the 
regular school day and to give one-half time to administration; 
those having less than twelve assistant teachers, will give sueh time 
to teaching as may be assigned. Heads of departments will teach 
four regular classes daily. The regulations applying to teachers in 
Article VI hereof, apply to headmasters, principals and heads of 
departments. 

§ 8. The teachers of each school shall be organized by the 
headmaster or principal into a Reading Circle for the reading and 
study of educational books and literature and the current books 
and events of the day, and shall make an annual report of the same 
to the superintendent of schools. 

§ 9. May suspend a pupil. The headmaster or principal of 
a school may suspend a pupil for wilful violation of the rules and 
regulations of the school, or for habitual misconduct. In every 
case of suspension it shall be the immediate duty of the headmaster 
or principal to notify in writing the parent and superintendent 
giving a complete history of the case. Pupils between the ages of 
7 and 16 years thus dealt with still come under the provisions of 
the compulsory education law and due and prompt notice must 
also be served upon the Secretary of School Census and Attendance 
(see Article VII, § § 8, 9). 

§ 10. Rights of a suspended pupil. A pupil suspended from 
school may, upon satisfactory assurances of future good behavior 
and punctuality, be reinstated by the superintendent. Three sus- 
pensions for misconduct within one school year shall be equivalent 
to expulsion. An expelled pupil will be restored only by the board 
of education and after his case has been reviewed by that body. 

ARTICLE VI 

Duties of Regular Class Teachers 

Section 1 Teachers to know and observe rules. All teachers 
are required to acquaint themselves with these regulations (see 
Articles IV, V, VII, VIII), and to carry into full effect all the rules 
and regulations of the board and the directions of the superintendent 
in relation to the instruction, classification and discipline of their 
respective schools; 

§ 2. Teachers to be in rooms before pupils. To be in their 



School Regulations 53 

respective school rooms and open the same for the admission of 
pupils, who shall be subject to the rules of order for school hours, 
at least twenty minutes before the time designated for the opening 
of the school in the morning, and fifteen minutes in the afternoon 
(see Art. II, § 7), and failures to do this are to be reported to the super- 
intendent as cases of tardiness in the regular monthly report; 

§ 3. Attendance and scholarship records. To keep such records 
as will show the names of pupils, the grade, age, daily attendance, 
absence, tardiness, deportment and scholarship of each, and the 
name and residence of parent or guardian, the register when filled 
to be left at the office of the superintendent ; 

§ 4. Retardation record. Whenever a pupil in any grade or 
school shall begin to fail in his school work, to keep a record de- 
signed to show in each such case what has been done and when to 
check such failure, including the following data: when principal 
was consulted, special examination, parent notified, work sent to 
parent, when parent was visited, when parent visited school, special 
help given, nurse, supervisor, psychologist, superintendent con- 
sulted, etc.; 

§ 5. Correction of roll. To drop from the roll at once the names 
of pupils who have been suspended or who have left school not 
intending to return; and for the purpose of reports, to drop the 
names of all other pupils after an absence of three consecutive days 
for any cause making an explicit entry upon the register. 

§ 6. Assistant teachers. To make promptly all reports re- 
quired by supervising and administrative staff in accordance with 
the blank forms or otherwise as requested. 

§ 7. Outside work forbidden. To devote themselves faithfully 
and exclusively to the duties of their office during school hours. 

§ 8. Detention of pupils. To require of pupils prompt and 
accurate recitations, and to detain them forty-five minutes after the 
close of the regular school hours for the day, to make up any de- 
ficiency or for the purpose of discipline. 

§ 9. Oversight of pupils. To exercise a careful supervision 
over their pupils when in the school rooms and about the school 
premises, in order to prevent improper conduct ; and when necessary, 
to extend their supervision over pupils going to and from school; 
and not to allow pupils to remain in school rooms unless a teacher 



54 Board of Education 

is present, or unless some provision is made for securing order that 
shall be approved by the superintendent; 

§ 10. Care of school property. To have charge of and be 
responsible for the care of the school house, books, apparatus and 
all other public property committed to their care and protect such 
from defacement or injury; 

§ 11. Absent from duty. To be present and in charge of their 
respective rooms and classes except in case of sickness or some urgent 
necessity. In every such case they shall give immediate notice to the 
superintendent, that, if necessary, he may furnish a substitute. 
Failing to give such notice a teacher shall suffer a reduction in salary 
corresponding to such absence. 

§ 12. Substitute teachers. Substitute teachers will be furnished 
by the board of education from a list duly approved by the super- 
intendent. When a regular substitute teacher is employed the pay 
of the regular teacher for a period not to exceed one month will be 
her regular salary less one-half the salary paid to the substitute. 
After one month the salary of the regular teacher shall cease unless 
the board directs otherwise. 

§ 13. Ventilation, drafts, etc. Teachers are to give careful at- 
tention to the ventilation and temperature of their respective school 
rooms, taking pains to avoid injurious extremes of heat and cold 
and drafts of cold air upon pupils in their seats. Sixty-eight to 70 
degrees F. is the proper standard for temperature. 

§ 14. Storms. Children are not to be dismissed during a storm 
of such a nature as to endanger, their health, such as blizzards, 
violent rains, wind storms, etc. Teachers are expected to anticipate 
the approach of such storms and dismiss in time for the children 
to reach their homes, or to detain them in their rooms until the 
violence of the storm has passed. When so detained, the rules which 
govern the session will continue. 

§ 15. Dismissal because of cold. Whenever the temperature 
of the school room cannot be raised to 65 degrees by 10 o'clock 
a. m., the school should be dismissed. A record of all such dismissals 
must be kept and the superintendent notified on the day in which 
it occurs. 

§ 16. Teachers' meetings. Teachers are to cooperate with 
each other and with the supervising and administrative staff in 
promoting the interests of the schools, and are required to attend 



School Regulations 55 

the teachers' meetings called by the superintendent or approved 
by him in accordance with Article XV, § 19, of the By-laws of the 
board as provided in Article IV, § 3 of these regulations. 

§ 17. Corporal punishment. Teachers shall avoid corporal 
punishment in all cases where good order can be maintained by 
milder measures. All pupils may be exempt from corporal punish- 
ment, whose parents or guardian shall notify the principal of the 
school or the superintendent, in writing, that they desire to have 
them exempt. Pupils exempted from corporal punishment under 
this section may be suspended by the principal of the school which 
they attend for a period not to exceed one week, which time may 
be continued by consent of the superintendent, but in no case shall 
such suspension extend beyond the regular meeting of the board, 
unless such action is confirmed by the board see Article V, § § 9, 10, 
Article VII, § 8, hereof. (Penal Law 1909, Ch. 88, page 292, § 246, 
Education Law edition 1918.) 

§ 18. Contagious diseases. A pupil afflicted with any con- 
tagious disease, or who has been exposed thereto, will not be ad- 
mitted to the schools excepting in accordance with the following 
instructions from the Health Officer, copies of which may be had 
from the principal: 



Contagious Diseases — Regulations 

No pupil will be admitted who has not been successfully vac- 
cinated when the health authorities so direct and until after the 
expiration of the period of infection and until the other provisions 
herein are complied with as follows: 

Diphtheria and Membraneous Croup. — From the beginning 
of throat symptoms until one week after two consecutive negative 
cultures of the throat. 

Scarlet Fever. — From earliest manifestations of illness until 
the disappearance of all scaling, usually six weeks from the beginning. 
Permit from the Health Deyartment is required upon return to school. 

Measles. — From the beginning of the catarrhal stage until 10 
days after rash is fully out. Permit from Physician is required. 

Whooping Cough. — From the beginning of the bronchial cough 
to the end of the catarrhal symptoms. Permit from Phjsician is 
required. 



56 Board of Education 

Mumps. — From the outset of the fever until glands are normal. 
One week. 

Pupils in whose family there is a case of contagious disease and 
who have been exposed to the infection are to be excluded from 
school according to the following schedule: 

Diphtheria, 2 weeks from time of exposure, except on certificate 
of Health Officer. 

Scarlet Fever, 7 days from time of exposure. 

Measles, 15 days from time of exposure. 

Pupils who have themselves had measles need not be excluded 
after exposure. 

Members of a family where there are cases of whooping cough, 
chicken pox, or mumps need not be excluded from the school unless 
they show symptoms of the approach of the disease. 

Physicians will be furnished with these forms upon request. 

Blank certificates will be furnished upon application to all 
parents whose children are ill with contagious diseases. 

This certificate, duly filled by the attending Physician or Health 
Officer must he presented by each pupil on or before his return to school 
after such illness. 

Frank D. Boynton, 

Superintendent of Schools. 
Approved by Dr. H. H. Crum, Health Officer. 



Physician's Certificate 

This is to certify that having been ill 

with (or exposed to) a contagious disease, 

has recovered therefrom {or shows no signs of said disease), and that the 
time has elapsed since the beginning of said disease or exposure thereto 
required by the regulations above set forth; that due precautions have 
been exercised with reference to disinfection to prevent the spread of 
said disease; and that, in the opinion of the undersigned, it is now 

safe for said to attend school, without 

danger of infection to others. 

Attending Physician. 
Date 19 



School Regulations 57 

§ 19. Aggrieved parents. Persons considering themselves ag- 
grieved should communicate with the teachers out of school hours, 
and not in the presence of pupils. When satisfactory redress cannot 
thus be obtained, the case should be referred to the principal of the 
school. When the decision of the principal is not satisfactory, an 
appeal may be made to the superintendent, and froni him to the 
proper committee and from it to the board of education. 

§ 20 Visiting schools. Any supervisor, teacher, or other 
expert in the employ of the board of education may have two school 
days each school year if desired, without prejudice as to salarj^, for 
the purpose of visiting other teachers doing the same work in the 
Ithaca or other public schools by making the request in writing, 
using a form provided for the purpose, providing the time and school 
selected meets with the approval of the supervisor concerned and 
the superintendent of schools. 

ARTICLE VII 

Duties of Pupils 

Section 1. Preliminary requirements. Every pupil is expected 
to attend school punctually and regularly, to conform to the regula- 
tions of the school and to obey the directions of the teacher, to 
observe good order and propriety of deportment, to be diligent in 
study, respectful to teachers and kind and obliging to school mates, 
to refrain entirely from the oral or written use of profane or vulgar 
language, and to be clean and neat in person and clothing; 

§ 2. District and grade. To attend school in such grades, and 
in such sub-districts as shall be designated by the board of educa- 
tion, no pupil bemg allowed to attend elsewhere without special 
permission of the superintendent, such permission not to be granted 
unless special reasons warrant the transfer, and any such permission 
given to expire with the school year (see Art. V, § 13 of By-Laws, 
also Art. XII of these Regulations.) 

§ 3. Assembling on the school grounds. To refrain from as- 
sembling about the school building in the morning or at noon at an 
hour earlier than just sufficient to prevent tardiness before the com- 
mencement of school, and from remaining on the school grounds or 
in the vicinity of the school building after dismissal unless by the 
permission of the principal who first makes provision for the super- 
vision of the school grounds approved by the superintendent. 



58 Board of Education 

§ 4. Absence and tardiness. To be marked tardy when not 
in the school-room when the order bell is struck (unless temporarily 
excused by the teacher on account of some matter pertaining to 
the school), and who enters before 10 o'clock a. m., and 2 o'clock 
p. m. Every pupil shall be marked absent who enters school after 
the time above specified. Whenever it is ascertained that a pupil 
has declined to enter school for fear of being marked absent or 
tardy, such pupil shall he considered a truant, and shall be dealt 
with accordingly. 

§ 5. Extension of time. Pupils regularly excused for music 
or other lessons, and those who obtain a written permit from the 
principal approved by the superintendent to enter school regularly 
at a certain hour shall not be marked tardy, unless they enter school 
after the time designated. 

§ 6. Attendance upon entire session. Pupils must remain in 
school during the entire session of each day unless excused by the 
teacher in case of sickness or some pressing emergency. On days of 
regular examinations pupils may be excused when they have com- 
pleted the work assigned for the half-day. 

§ 7. Outside instruction. Pupils may be excused for the pur- 
pose of receiving instruction in music or such other branches of edu- 
cation as parents or guardians may desire, providing such absence 
does not conflict with the compulsory education law or materially 
affect their regular studies, and satisfactory arrangements are made 
in advance by parents or guardian with the principal. (See § 8, 
paragraph 6.) 

§ 8. Excuses for tardiness or absence. The State Education 
authorities require in every case of absence or tardiness that the 
pupils bring on their return to school, a written statement signed 
by the parent or guardian assigning good and sufficient reasons for 
such absence or tardiness. The state authorities recognize as proper 
reasons for such absence or tardiness the following: 

Excuses that may he accepted as legal: 

1. Illness of child. If school authorities have reason to be- 
lieve such excuse is false, a physician's certificate should be de- 
manded. 

2. Severe storm or roads absolutely impassable for man or beast. 
3 Contagious disease in a community; school authorities or 



School Regulations 59 

local board of health determining when danger of conveying the 
disease has passed. 

4. Sickness in pupil's family requiring his or her services for 
a day or two until other help can be secured. 

5. Days set apart for religious observance or instruction. In 
all such cases, however, arrangements should be made with the 
clergy that school work may not be seriously interfered with. 

6. One-half day weekly for music lessons. 

§ 9. Suspension for irregularity. The headmaster or principal 
of a school ma}^ suspend any pupil who shall have been absent three 
days in any quarter, without satisfactory excuse from parent or 
guardian, until he obtains a written permit from the superintendent 
to return, which permit may be granted upon satisfactory assurances 
being given by parent or guardian that the pupil will be punctual 
and regular in the future. In every case of unexcused absence, the 
teacher shall inform the parent either in person or by note as soon as 
practicable, and no pupil shall be suspended under this ride whose 
parent or guardian shall not have been notified of such absence. In 
enforcing these regulations, two cases of tardiness shall be counted 
as a half-day's absence. {This regulation is not to be construed so 
as to permit the same pupil to repeat the process over and over.) Pupils 
between eight and sixteen years of age, must also be dealt with 
according to the provisions of the compulsory education law. 

§ 10. Care of desks, books, etc. Each pupil shall have a par- 
ticular desk assigned to him, and he shall be required to keep the 
same free from marks and scratches of any kind and the floor be- 
neath in a neat and orderly condition. He shall also be held re- 
sponsible for the safe keeping and proper use of text-books loaned 
to him. 

§ 11. Damage to property. Any pupil who shall be guilty of 
defacing or injuring books or other school property shall pay for 
all damages, and be subject to such penalty as the nature of the 
offense may require. 

§ 12. Improper language, tobacco, rudeness, snowballing, etc. 
No pupil shall on or around the school premises use or write any 
unchaste or. profane language, or use tobacco in any form ; nor shall 
pupils in the building, in the yard, or in the vicinity of the school, 
indulge in rudeness of any kind, nor in throwing stones, snowballs, 



60 Board of Education 

or any other missiles that endanger persons or property, nor shall 
they engage in anything that tends to vex or annoy one another. 

§ 13. Absence from examination. Any pupil who shall be 
absent from any regular examination of his class except for reasons 
that render attendance impracticable, shall be required to pass a 
satisfactory examination or be placed in a lower class. 

§ 14. Pupils who fall behind. Any pupil who falls behind his 
class through irregular attendance, indolence, or inattention, may 
be reduced to a lower grade, at the discretion of the teacher, with 
the approval of the superintendent. 

§ 15. Credit for work done elsewhere. 1. Whenever in the 
judgment of the superintendent of schools the interest of a pupil is 
advanced thereby in any grade in the elementary or secondary schools 
under the supervision of the board of education, he may give credit 
for work done elsewhere than in said schools; providing that upon 
investigation the work for which credit is asked shall be equal in 
scholarship and in time allotment to that required of pupils in said 
schools grade by grade. 

2. Credit toward graduation from any secondary course may be 
given for successfully passing college entrance examination in any 
study upon the candidate's presenting the duly certified report of 
the college authorities; providing (a) that the time allotment for 
the preparation of the examination is equal to that required by the 
regents, and (b) the percentage attained in the examination and 
duly certified by the college authorities in writing is not less than 
sixty per cent, (c) and in case the time devoted to the preparation 
for the examination is less than that required by the regents then, 
and in that case, the grade certified to by the college authorities 
shall be not less than seventy-five per cent, otherwise no credit shall 
be allowed. 

3. Before any credit provided in the above paragraph shall be 
valid when the pupil concerned is a regularly enrolled pupil of the 
Ithaca schools, he shall first obtain the consent of a committee of 
teachers to be appointed by the superintendent of schools to which 
committee said pupil shall submit his reasons for taking the college 
entrance examination in lieu of the regents examination and, having 
obtained the consent of the committee to take the desired examina- 
tion he shall thereupon first register in the ofl&ce of the superintendent 
of schools giving his name, the name of the examination, and the 



School Regulations 61 

date and place where the same is to be held; providing that all per- 
sons obtaining such permission of the committee and have duly 
registered, shall be checked in the room where the examination is 
to be held and after the examination has begun by a member of the 
committee herein provided whenever said examination is held in 
Ithaca. 

ARTICLE VIII 
Student Activities 

Section 1. Athletic council. The athletic activities of students 
of the Ithaca high school shall be under the direction of a council 
composed as follows: Between the first and twentieth days of Sep- 
tember of each year, the superintendent of schools shall appoint 
five teachers, one of whom he shall designate as chairman of the 
council, and the faculty of the school shall appoint four pupils from 
the student body as members of said council. (Unless the superin- 
intendent determines otherwise in which case the organization will 
be the same as provided in § 2 of this Article.) 

§ 2. General council. The social activities of the various 
musical clubs, of congress, of the legislative and all other literarj^ 
dramatic and social organizations of students of the Ithaca high 
school, and the business and social affairs of the senior class and 
student publications shall be under the direction of a council com- 
posed as follows : Between the first and twentieth days of September 
in each year the superintendent of schools shall appoint one teacher 
for each such assembly, club or organization, the faculty of the 
school shall appoint one pupil from the student body for each such 
club or organization and the pupils of the school shall likewise ap- 
point one of their number for each such club or organization (unless 
the superintendent determines otherwise in which case the organ- 
ization will be the same as provided in § 1 of this Article). 

§ 3. Reference committee. The president of the board of edu- 
cation, the chairman of the teachers' committee, and the superin- 
tendent of schools shall be a committee to be called a committee 
of the board, to whom shall be referred for approval, all recom- 
mendations duly passed by either of the councils mentioned in § 1 
and § 2, and no such recommendation shall be adopted without 
favorable action of the superintendent and one member of such 
committee. 

§ 4. Seventy per cent rule. Any registered pupil who main- 



62 Board of Education 

tains in all of his work a general average of 70 per cent or more, is 
eligible to membership in any club, team, association or organiza- 
tion connected with the school. No pupil may represent the school 
in any public performance whose standing is less than 70 per cent 
until the disability is removed, but may continue to rehearse or 
practice during such disability. 

§ 5. Permission to leave town. No club, team, association or 
organization shall be permitted to leave town without the consent 
of the superintendent and one other member of the committee of 
the board, mentioned in § 3 hereof, nor unless accompanied by at 
least one male teacher, and by a female teacher as well, if the said 
club, team, association or organization is composed in part or in 
whole of female students of the high school; said male teacher 
shall be in charge and his decision upon all matters relative to the 
said club, team, association or organization, or of the individual 
members thereof while absent from the city shall be final. Upon 
returning to the city, it shall be the duty of such faculty member to 
report any and all irregularities to the superintendent. 

§ 6. Accountability. In all cases individuals and clubs, while 
representing any of the public schools of this city, in any other city 
or town, shall be strictly accountable for their conduct to the super- 
intendent. Any irregularity of conduct affecting in any manner 
the standing of the school, or of the organization, will bar any mem- 
ber thereof from being a representative of the school on any similar 
occasion until reinstated by the committee named in § 3 of this 
Article. 

§ 7. Finances. All debts and other obligations incurred by 
any club, team, association, or organization must be fully paid 
before beginning another season's activities. The treasurer of the 
Athletic Council and the treasurer of the General Council each 
shall submit to the superintendent a written report of the year's 
business showing the receipts and expenses and any debit or credit 
balances for each and every organization separately. 

§ 8. Constitution and by-laws. Each club, team, association 
or organization may draw up a constitution and by-laws further 
specifying the duties of its members, but the same shall not become 
operative until it has been approved by the superintendent and 
one member of the committee provided in § 3 hereof in which case 



School Regulations 63 

it becomes a part of these regulations. When amendments are made 
they must likewise be approved before becoming effective. 

§ 9. Building may be used. Pupils may be permitted the use 
of the high school building for social or other events upon recom- 
mendation of a majority of either council appointed under the pro- 
visions of § 1 and § 2, together with the consent of the superintendent 
and one other member of the committee herein provided in § 3. 
The building may be lighted, heated and cared for at the expense 
of the board of education, it being understood, however, that any 
sum of money resulting from an admission fee from all such stu- 
dent entertainments shall be devoted exclusively to the main- 
tenance of student activities, school decoration, or for some other 
school purpose approved by the superintendent. 

§ 10. Use of gymnasium. The gijmnasiwm shall be used by 
pupils of the pubUc schools only when under the supervision of one 
or more teachers, or one or more competent adults not teachers, 
chosen for the purpose. Such supervisor or director shall have 
power and be responsible for the proper use of the gymnasium, the 
corridors, the cloak rooms, the toilet and bath rooms, and any other 
part of the building used in connection with the gymnasium. 

§ 11. Social functions. Whenever the gymnasium is used for 
social functions by the pupils of the public schools, the hour for 
closing shall not be later than 10:30 o'clock p. m., excepting upon 
occasions, when the gymnasium is used after a lecture in Foster 
Memorial Hall, when the hour for closing may be extended to 11:00 
o'clock p. m., unless the time is further extended to 11:30 o'clock 
by the superintendent and one member of the committee provided 
in § 3 hereof. The attendance upon such social functions shall be 
limited to registered pupils of the schools, their immediate families, 
and approved invited guests. All social functions must be properly 
chaperoned by a committee of not less than five persons composed 
of both parents and teachers and these persons shall constitute a 
committee with full authority to supervise and control such parts 
of the building as are mentioned in § 10 hereof. 

§ 12. Indoor athletics. Whenever the gymnasium is used for 
athletic purposes the hour for closing shall not be later than 9:30 
o'clock p. m., and the supervision shall be as mentioned in § 10 
hereof, unless both sexes are present when the conditions and super- 
vision shall be that mentioned in § 11 hereof. Whenever the gym- 



64 Board of Education 

nasium is used during the noon hour, the supervision shall be that 
mentioned in § 10 hereof. 

§ 13. Banquets. Whenever the gymnasium is used by any 
school, club or organization, for other than dancing, receptions, etc., 
included under ''social functions" mentioned in § 11 hereof, or for 
other than athletic purposes mentioned in § 12 hereof, e. g., for 
banquets, plays, stunt programs, etc., the hour for closing shall not 
be later than 10:30 o'clock p. m., and the supervision shall be that 
mentioned in § 10 hereof, unless both sexes are present in which 
case the supervision shall be that mentioned in § 11 hereof. 

§ 14. Ticket system. If an admission fee is charged, it shall 
be by ticket in accordance with a general plan easily adapted to 
all organization functions, to be worked out by the superintendent 
of schools representing the board of education. This section shall 
apply to the use of Foster Memorial Hall and the gymnasium equally 
in all respects, and may be extended to include athletic games played 
elsewhere in town by school teams if deemed advisable. 

§ 15. Breakage restored. A charge shall be made for all break- 
age or damage done to lights, windows, furniture, plumbing or any 
other part of the building and these charges shall be a lien upon 
and be paid out of any funds in the treasury of either the Athletic 
Council or the General Council, or both, and shall cover all damage 
done by the organization or its guests. It will not be necessary to 
prove the damages done by any individual or organization in order 
to estabhsh the validity of the charge, but simply to show that 
damages were done. In case of failure to meet the charges promptly 
the superintendent of schools will direct the caretaker to close the 
gymnasium or Foster Memorial Hall or both to the offending or- 
ganization until the disability is removed. 

§ 16. The above uses of the gymnasium are understood to be 
for the pupils and officers of the Ithaca public schools, their immedi- 
ate families and approved invited guests. Alumni of the school 
other than those in actual attendance may, upon invitation, be ad- 
mitted to any of the above functions. It is understood and so in- 
tended that these functions are for the benefit of the registered 
pupils of the schools as provided in this Article. 

§ 17. Public functions. Whenever it is deemed advisable to 
give a pubHc function it shall be so advertised. For all such func- 
tions as are contemplated in § 11 hereof, it shall be necessary to 



School Regulations 69 

dresses of pupils for the purpose of copying or otherwise using them 
for advertising purposes of whatever nature or for maihng circular 
matter without the written consent of the president of the board. 

§ 4. Use of buildings and grounds. When not in use for school 
purposes, the school buildings and grounds may be used for sum- 
mer, continuation, and night schools, teachers' institute, examina- 
tions, for playground, for the purpose of giving and receiving in- 
struction in any branch of education, learning or the arts, for library 
purposes or as stations of public libraries, for holding social, civic 
and recreational meetings and entertainments and such other meet- 
ings as pertain to the welfare of the whole community which meet- 
ings shall be nonexclusive and shall be open to the general public, 
for meetings, entertainments and occasions where an admission 
fee is charged when the proceeds thereof are to be expended for an 
educational or charitable purpose; but such use shall not be per- 
mitted if such meetings, entertainments and occasions are under 
the exclusive control, and the proceeds are to be applied for the 
benefit of a society, association or organization of a religious sect 
or organization; providing that at all times buildings and grounds 
are used in accordance with the rules and regulations of the board 
of education and that its representative is in charge of the same 
(Art. IG, § § 454-455, pp. 140-142, Ed. Law, edition, 1918). 

§ 5. Who may teach in school buildings. No teacher or other 
person not duly licensed and in the employ of the board of educa- 
tion shall teach or lecture or otherwise give instruction to any per- 
son or group of persons in any school building or on school grounds 
or other property belonging to or under the control of the board of 
education unless the same shall have first obtained permission from 
the board or superintendent after due inquiry has been made as to 
the nature and purpose of the intended use and the nature of the 
instruction and the same found to be not contrary to any rule of the 
board or law of the state. 

§ 6. Attendance officer. The attendance officer shall devote 
his entire time to the matter of attendance and other school work 
herein specified or which may be assigned by the superintendent 
or by the secretary of the school census pertaining to attendance for 
at least 7 hours each school day; to call each school on the telephone 
at 9 a. m. and at 1 :15 p. m, and ascertain whether or not his services 
are needed; to look up and report definitely to the teacher or other 



70 Board of Education 

person or persons concerned on all cases referred to him, keeping a 
written record of such cases; to inspect all factories, stores, shops, 
and other places employing children and ascertain by personally 
inspecting the credentials if children found employed in such places 
have complied with the provisions of the compulsory education law; 
to accost pupils of compulsory school age seen on the streets or in 
places of amusement when school is in session, and ascertain the 
cause of their being out of school, disposing of each such case in ac- 
cordance with the compulsory attendance law; to bring action 
against violators of said law, exercise supervision over children out 
on work certificates, and make a written report of his work to the 
superintendent each month and at the end of the year. He shall 
also, act as messenger between the superintendent's office and the 
various schools and between the different schools and business places, 
and shall perform such other duties assigned to him as will make 
his services "effective, efficient and satisfactory" as required by law. 

ARTICLE XII 

Boundaries of Sub-districts* 

West Hill District. West Hill District comprehends all that 
territory within the city limits lying on the west of the following 
boundary line: Beginning at the intersection of the most easterly 
tract of the Lehigh Valley railroad with the city fine on the south 
and extending northward along the center of said track to Casca- 
dilla street, thence westward 30 feet south of the south side of Cas- 
cadilla street to Cayuga Inlet, and thence along the center of Cay- 
uga Inlet to Cayuga Lake. 

South Hill District. South Hill District comprehends all 
that territory within the city limits lying south of the following 
boundary line : Beginning with the intersection of the most easterly 
track of the Lehigh Valley railroad with the city line on the south 
and extending northward along the center of said track to West 
Clinton street, thence along the center of West Clinton street east- 
ward to its junction with South Geneva street, thence along the 
center of South Geneva street northward to its junction with West 
Green street, thence along the center of West Green street east- 
ward to its junction with Six Mile creek, thence along the center 



"Pupils must attend the schools in the sub-districts in which they live. 



School Regulations 71 

of Six Mile creek eastward to a point opposite the junction with 
Hudson and Giles streets, thence southward along the center of 
Hudson street to the city line. 

East Hill District. East Hill District comprehends all that 
territory within the city limits lying to the east of the following 
boundary line: Beginning with the intersection of Hudson street 
with the city line on the south and extending northward along the 
center of Hudson street to a point on Six Mile creek opposite the 
junction of Hudson and Giles streets, thence westward along the 
center of Six Mile creek to Aurora street, thence northward along 
the center of Aurora street to Cascadilla creek, then eastward along 
the center of Cascadilla creek to Stewart avenue, thence north- 
ward along the center of Stewart avenue, to the city line. 

Fall Creek District. Fall Creek District comprehends all 
that territory within the city limits lying to the north of the fol- 
lowing boundary line: Beginning with the intersection of Cayuga 
Inlet and the city line on the north and extending southward along 
the center of Cayuga Inlet to Cascadilla creek, thence eastward 
along the center of Cascadilla creek to the point of intersection 
with Linn street, thence northward along the western boundary 
of the city cemetery to its intersection with Cornell avenue, thence 
westward to the base of the hill to a point opposite Yates street, 
thence northward along the base of the hill to Fall creek, thence 
eastward along the center of Fall creek to Stewart avenue, thence 
northward along Stewart avenue to the city line. 

Central District. Central district comprehends all that ter- 
ritory within the following boundary line: Beginning with the in- 
tersection of Six Mile creek with the most easterly track of the Le- 
high Valley railroad on the south and extending northward along 
the center of said track to a point 30 feet south of the south side 
of Cascadilla street, thence westward by a line 30 feet south of the 
south side of Cascadilla street to Cayuga Inlet, thence northward 
along the center of Cayuga Inlet to Cascadilla creek, thence east- 
ward along the center of Cascadilla creek to Aurora street, thence 
southward along the center of Aurora street to Six Mile creek at 
its junction with East Green street, thence westward along the 
center of Green street to its junction with South Geneva street, 
thence southward along the center of South Geneva street to its 
junction with West Clinton street, thence along the center of West 



72 Board of Education 

Green street to the most easterly track of the Lehigh Valley rail- 
road, thence southward along the track to Six Mile creek at the 
point of beginning. 

Neutral District. Neutral District comprehends all that 
territory within the city limits and bounded as follows: Beginning 
with the intersection of Cascadilla Park and Stewart avenue and 
extending westward along the center of Cascadilla creek to Uni- 
versity avenue, thence northward on University avenue to its in- 
tersection with Cornell avenue, thence westward to the base of the 
hill to a point opposite Yates street, thence northward along the 
base of the hill to Fall creek, thence eastward along the center of 
Fall creek to Stewart avenue, thence southward along Stewart 
avenue to the point of beginning. Patrons of the public schools 
living within this district may elect to send their children to either 
the Fall Creek or East Hill schools. 

Attendance compulsory. See State Education Law, page 188.* 

Fire Drills required by law. See page 217 of the State Education 
Law. 

Flag The, must float over every school house each day school is 
in session. See State Education Law, page 216. 

Patriotism, Instruction in, required by law. See State Educa- 
tion Law, page 215. 

Physical Training, Instruction, in, required by law. See State 
Education Law, page 208. 

Physiology and Hygiene, Instruction in, required by law. See 
State Education Law, page 205. 

School Census required by law. See State Education Law, 
page 200. 

Adopted and in force May, 1919. 



*Note: References to the State Education Law' are to the 1918 edition. 



School Regulations 65 

obtain the permission of the committee provided in § 3 hereof. No 
such permission will be granted excepting upon the request of a 
majority of the faculty members of the council having jurisdiction 
and the approval of the superintendent of schools. 

§ 18. For each and every other occasion not provided for in 
the foregoing sections, special permission as provided in § 17 hereof 
must be obtained. For the use of Foster Memorial Hall for lec- 
tures, concerts, dramatic and literary programs, etc., arrangements 
can be made with the superintendent of schools providing, however, 
that such arrangements are in harmony with the state law and the 
foregoing sections. 

§ 19. All high school pupils who have attended four full years 
or more without graduation and without sufficient cause for their 
failure to graduate shall, in the interests of good scholarship, be 
excluded from participation in student activities, unless upon the 
request of the faculty members of the council concerned the com- 
mittee provided in § 3 removes the disability. 

§ 20. Constitutions of organizations. The constitutions of 
the Athletic Association, Congress, Legislative Assembly, and 
Senior Class of the Ithaca High School are a part of the regulations 
of the board of education and are to be administered as such. 

ARTICLE IX 

Duties of Janitors 

Section 1. It shall be the duty of all janitors employed by 
the board of education to devote their full time to the duties of 
their office; 

§ 2. To see that the buildings are properly heated, and that 
the heating apparatus is suitably cared for, to report promptly to 
the superintendent any defects therein, and to prepare the necessary 
wood for kindling purposes; 

§ 3. To thoroughly sweep the school rooms, halls and stairs, 
and carefully remove the dust from desks, chairs, tables and other 
furniture every day, and to keep the rooms clean and in good order; 

§ 4. To mop the floors at Christmas and summer vacations 
and at other tmies when directed to do so by the principal of the 
school or by the superintendent; 

§ 5. To clean out the chalk dust from the troughs of the black- 



66 Board of Education 

boards and from the erasers and wash the boards, wash basins, 
stools and urinals once each week; 

§ 6. To clean all the rooms, halls, windows, desks and other 
furniture, the attics and basement during the summer vacation; 

§ 7. To inspect the water closets each day and keep them 
clean and free from odors, and to remove by washing or by painting 
all writing, drawings, or other objectionable matter from water 
closets; 

§ 8. To keep all walks about the building free from snow and 
ice, and from dirt and rubbish; to cut the grass in the yards and 
curbs as often as may be necessary to keep them neat and tidy, 
and to keep the yards at all times clear of weeds and rubbish ; 

§ 9. To see that the doors and windows of the building are 
closed and fastened when there is no school, and to take good care 
of the premises during vacation; 

§ 10. To make any minor repairs to desks, windows, doors, 
curtains, etc. (the material therefor being furnished by the board), 
and to give notice to the Chairman of the Supplies Committee 
whenever the coal supply is not sufficient for more than two weeks; 

§ 11. To be at all times courteous and respectful to teachers, 
and to perform any reasonable service in the line of their duty not 
herein specified, at the request of the principal or the superintendent; 

§ 12. To keep the basement and the attic at all times free 
from paper and other rubbish and to burn all refuse daily, thus 
preventing the accumulation in or about the building of all inflam- 
mable materials; 

§ 13. Not to admit children into the building out of school hours 
or to the basement at any hour, except those having permission 
from the teacher; nor to admit other persons to the building except 
those whose business gives them a right of entrance; 

§ 14. To do such other work as may properly come within the 
scope of their duties or which may be specially agreed upon at the 
time of appointment. It is the duty of all janitors to become thor- 
oughly conversant with these rules and to keep a copy convenient 
for reference ; 

§ 15. To make a monthly report to the superintendent in 
writing, upon blanks provided for the purpose, to the effect that all 
provisions of this Article have been faithfully observed. 



School Regulations 67 

§ 16. It shall be the duty of headmasters and of the principals 
of elementary schools to see that janitors discharge their duties ac- 
cording to the foregoing regulations, and to report any delinquencies 
to the superintendent. 

ARTICLE X 

Health Education — School Nurse and Hygienist 
Section 1. Health certificates. It shall be the duty of the 
school nurse and school physician to cause all pupils, not presenting 
health certificates signed by a duly licensed physician within thirty 
days after their entrance to school, to be separately and carefully 
examined and to issue health certificates to the same (Sec. 573, p. 
171, Ed. Law, edition, 1918); 

§ 2. Health records. To keep all health certificates presented 
by pupils or furnished by the school nurse or school physician duly 
and properly filed showing what further examinations have been 
made, what results obtained, diseases each pupil has had, and such 
other information relating to the health of each individual child 
as may be necessary for a complete and accurate health record; 

§ 3. Includes all schools. To visit at regular intervals all of 
the pubUc schools of the city for the purpose of examining, as to 
his physical condition, each and every child, in accordance with the 
provisions of the state law providing for medical inspection, such 
examination to include the eyes, ears, nose, and throat, and defects 
noted to be brought to the attention of parents; 

§ 4. Contagion. To exclude from school such children as are 
found to be afflicted with contagious disease and report the same 
to the city health officer, requiring such as have a contagion to 
furnish a physician's certificate of health to the teacher upon their 
return to school or such certificate duly signed by the school nurse 
upon the blank provided for the purpose and printed elsewhere in 
this manual (see Art. VI, § 18) ; 

§ 5. Operations. To secure the parent's or guardian's written 
consent before becoming responsible for or assisting in an operation 
for the removal of the tonsils, adenoids, or other defects in the 
case of any child attending any of the public schools, and to keep 
said written consent on file for reference. 

§ 6. Reports. It shall be the duty of the school nurse to de^ 
vote her whole time to the duties of her office and to make such 



68 Board of Education 

reports as the superintendent may from time to time require (§ 870, 
paragraphs 4, 5, Ed. Law, 1918 edition). 

§ 7. Hygienist. It shall be the duty of the dental nurse to 
make regular visits to all schools for the purpose of examining the 
teeth of all children; to advise parents in writing of defects dis- 
covered; to care for the teeth of such children as do not have them 
cared for by a family dentist; and before any teeth are filled or ex- 
tracted, or otherwise treated, except cleaned, to first obtain the 
written consent of the parent or guardian and keep the same on file 
for reference; 

§ 8. School clinic. To have charge of and be responsible for 
the school chnic including the apparatus and supplies, assist dentists 
working in the clinic, and make a careful record of all work done; 

§ 9. Reports. To devote her whole time to the duties of her 
office and make such reports monthly and annually to the superin- 
tendent as he may require for his information and for the informa- 
tion of the board of education or any of its members (§ 870, para- 
graphs 4, 5, Ed. Law, 1918 edition). 

ARTICLE XI 

Miscellaneous Provisions — Attendance Officer 

Section 1. Visitation invited. Friends and patrons of the 
schools are invited to visit them at any time; but the regular exer- 
cises of the school shall not be departed from, save at the special 
request of the visitors or by direction of the superintendent. Visitors 
shall not interrupt the work nor occupy seats with pupils nor hinder 
them by conversation or otherwise. 

§ 2. No subscription paper. No subscription paper shall be 
circulated in school, nor shall any collection or contribution be 
taken therein for the purpose of presenting a gift or testimonial 
to a teacher, or a member or officer of the board; nor shall notice 
of any entertainment be given in the schools unless the same be 
immediately connected with the interests of the schools or directly 
with education. 

§ 3. Publisher, agent and advertiser. No publisher or agent 
for any book, school apparatus or furniture of any kind, shall oc- 
cupy the time of teachers during school hours; nor shall any pub- 
lisher or other person have access at any time to the names and ad- 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



020 320 290 8 



THECHKIGA 
^ PRESS" 

ITHACA .NY 




